Black Corona White Potential Imagination Summary

Public Education for African American children was much harder, deprived of money, and good supplies. Often times they would have to use the old discarded school books from the white kids, if anything at all. African American school buildings were worth a sliver of what the white communities were worth, which made is so that some students couldn't even attend. “Less money went to schools for African American students. Sometimes black students used the books discarded from white schools” (Ncp). The property taxes on land depleted and schools wouldn't have enough resources to teach as many kids. Some teachers even were getting paid almost nothing. The students were unable to receive a good education. “The value of farm land plummeted, and that meant that property taxes that supported schools fell as well.” Some schools cut school lunches, and lunch workers. Students had to bring their own lunches, and most of the time it was nothing more than a biscuit. They had to drink the water from the school well, and most of the students didn't eat at all. Some students went to school hungry, and came home even hungrier. “Some schools saved money by getting rid of cafeterias and cafeteria

A large influx of colored people created many problems. First, there was a major problem in the availability in housing, of which was responded to with racism. This is the root for the hatred between the black and white communities. There wasn’t enough housing in the “black belt” community, so Negroes began to spill into white neighborhoods. The very existence of a colored person in a neighborhood would lower the property values. When a house was sold to a colored person, the rent for the house would be higher than the previous, white owner’s rent. Real Estate companies believed that “it is a matter of common knowledge that house after house…whether under white or black agents, comes to the Negro at an increased rental” (Sandburg 46). They sold housing despite the fact that “the Negro in Chicago, paid a lower wage than the white workman” (47), and that black people would have

Segregation took a huge toll on African Americans emotionally and ecumenically. Schools where segregated, and black schools where known for being hugely underfunded. So they started off with a bad education, which makes getting jobs harder. This was true even in colleges, which were also segregated. Not only that but because of racism an employer would always hire a white person over a black person. Black people where also generally paid less. Even if a black person got money they where not allowed to live in the same neighborhoods as white people or even go to the same shops. So there was never the possibility of moving up the social later. “He has been a beggar economically, a beggar politically a beggar socially a beggar even when it comes to trying to get some education” (Malcom

Lipsitz uses practices of the housing market to illustrate how the diverse practices provide the privilege to white people in the current institutional arrangements. The capital resides in suburban houses has proven many white families’ economic mobility, although few white Americans recognize that segregation has historically been the guarantee of suburban real estate values. Housing policy and real estate practices, banking and finance, education, tax codes and subsidies, the behavior of the courts, and the norms of urban policing are all heavily inflected by a racialist logic or tend toward racialized consequences. Lipsitz delineates the weaknesses embedded in civil rights laws, the racial dimensions of economic restructuring and deindustrialization, and the effects of environmental racism, job discrimination and school segregation. Lipsitz describes the centrality of whiteness to American culture, and explains how the whites have used identity politics to forward their collective interests at the expense of racialized groups, including African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos.

The skills that are considered denied are from a lack of education. Education is an important factor in the advancement of an individual. The more an individual knows the better he or she will succeed in society. “Education is a tool that Black America must use for social change, to educate its youths, and to correct the mis-education of and about the Black Community” (Henry, Calvin O.L. “Black Community/ Black America”. Research Room EdChange. Multicultural Pavilion. <http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/papers/calvin.html>,1 of 2.). It is the main concern to the development of black males. According to, Baltimore Chronicle and Sentinel writer, Phillip Jackson:

As he pointed out in the very early part of his article, for instance Clyde Ross, resident of North Lawndale Chicago, was denied when he first tried to get a legitimate mortgage; mortgages were effectively not available to black people (Coates, June 2014). Also, just like what we talked about in class last week, Ross and many other black families were forced to live in those redlined neighborhoods with “contract house.” Basically, Ross had not signed a normal mortgage. He’d bought “on contract”: a predatory agreement that combined all the responsibilities of homeownership with all the disadvantages of renting—while offering the benefits of neither (Coates, June 2014). This is a perfect example of how these ghetto-neighborhoods were created; it was created by white supremacists and people in the government who chose to ignore “the elephant in the room.” All these black families left with no choice. They ran from the South, thinking that they could finally go the land of the free. They quickly found out that, it was no different in the North, or even the West. They were forced to stuck with the

&amp;#8220;Gatekeepers and Homeseekers: Institutional Patterns in Racial Steering';, is an informative article that touches upon many of the key points gone over in class. This article deals with the difference in the way blacks and whites were and are treated, past and present, by real estate agents when shopping for a new home. In the study, one can see that blacks were not treated as fairly as white people in the real estate market were. Many times the potential black homebuyers were discouraged from purchasing homes in the same areas that the agent would readily show a white homebuyer. The real estate agent played a very peculiar role in doing this. They were, in essence, the racist gatekeepers of a seemingly non-racist neighborhood.

In order to support his opinion, the author uses historical references to the enormous impact of racial inequality on African American lives. Additionally, Desmond names a set of historical data and rates of the poor African Americans in cities to enhance the reader’s understanding of this complex situation. African Americans were also more likely to get the apartment with broken furniture, windows, and other facilities that confirmed the existence of racial inequality (Desmond, 2016, p.249). To reassert his position, Desmond provides offensive statistics that millions of people are evicted from American homes, and most of them are African American (Desmond, 2016, p.293). As a matter of fact, the author proves that housing discrimination based on race is the primary cause of

During the Great Black Migration, which lasted from 1916 to 1970, (“Great Migration”) African Americans left the South for the North because of the increasing demand for factory labor after the burst of the First Industrial Revolution. However, the assignment of African American neighborhoods could not accommodate the big increase of population; “black out-migration from the South surged from 197,000 during 1900-1910 to 525,000 during 1910-1920.” (Massey 573) Therefore, some African Americans ended up in the white neighborhoods, and the residential color line crossing infuriated the white in the North, so antiblack riots happened, and the hatred toward African Americans ended up triggering criminal justice. For instance, one of the reasons why the 1919 Chicago riot happened is that the police got an African American arrested while there was a white person who killed an African American by throwing rocks at him. In order to address the chaos caused by riots addressing African Americans’ residential line crossing, in 1924, the National Association of Real Estate Brokers spoke up by “stating that, ‘a Realtor should never be instrumental in introducing into a neighborhood...members of any race or nationality...whose presence will clearly be detrimental to property values in that neighborhood.’” (Massey 573) Instead of examining the root of black-and-white

Before 1960s, Black people were legally discriminated against and even today they are still treated unfairly. This piece is provided to contextualize a specific sector that Blacks are discriminated against historically, in person, and over the phone now. This piece is meant to spark a conversation for African Americans to think about other instances where they put on a “white voice” and to think about how in other ways they are discriminated against in that sector. It also allows white people, who are up for conversation, to realize the biases they are placing on people by not only how they look, but even how they sound over the phone. This piece isn’t meant to end housing discrimination, but to be a conversation starter for both parties on

Distinguished in chapters three and four of The Color of Law, racial zoning is a way for organizations to manipulate and control what neighborhoods African-Americans and other ethnic minority groups reside in. Due to this, many of African-Americans viewed racial zoning as a serious threat to their well-being in the United States. With the help of Jim Crow laws, exclusionary zoning, and the "On-Your-Own-Home" campaign, banks and real-estate agents had provoked economic discrimination towards various ethnic minority groups. Furthermore, through the concepts of dysfunctionalism, social inequality, latent functionalism, and Eurocentrism as seen in The Real World, racial zoning has negatively affected African-Americans from breaking out of what the world considers them to be.

He describes the white flight from the inner cities to the suburbs, leaving neighborhoods with high concentrations of poor minorities behind. The Missing Class examines a similar theme of gentrification of neighborhoods, illuminated by the example of the Floyd family in the Clinton Hill neighborhood in north central Brooklyn. “Once in decline, the neighborhood is now on the upswing . . . various factories have shut their doors, the affordable housing has disappeared, and upscale apartments have sprouted.” (Newman & Chen, pg. 12). The Floyds lost their one financial asset, their home, when they were swindled by a contractor who promised to fix up the house, and allow them to pay their loan off over time. The Floyds lament about the influx of affluent white Yuppies in their neighborhood, a place where they know everyone and have lived for the past twenty years, wondering what it will mean for the neighborhood’s identity, wondering if it will still be a black neighborhood. According to another neighbor, despite the rising prices, most black residents won’t sell their homes. “Their family roots are in the South, where property carries with it both tradition and responsibility” (pg. 15). Clearly, the loss of a house or a neighborhood could deeply affect a person’s sense of self and a sense of pride, leaving someone grasping for their once stable identity.

It was a way to constraint African Americans to areas that were far away from those with status, class, and power. Segregation led to discrimination in economic opportunities, housing, and education. The black culture has suffered from the barriers that were placed through segregation. However, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Fair Housing Act of 1968 tried to limit some of the discrimination associated with segregation. It was discovered that even a “rising economic status had little or no effect on the level of segregation that blacks experience” (Massey and Denton 87). The authors imply that “black segregation would remain a universal high” (Massey and Denton 88). The problem with the continuing causes in Segregation is that even though the Fair Housing act was placed, many realtors still discriminate against blacks “through a series of ruses, lies, and deceptions, makes it hard for them to learn about, inspect, rent, or purchase homes in white neighborhoods” (Massey and Denton 97). Segregation and discrimination have a cumulative effect over time. Massey and Denton argued that the “act of discrimination may be small and subtle, together they have a powerful cumulative effect in lowering the probability of black entry into white neighborhood” (98). William Julius Wilson had

Ferguson in 1896, the “separate but equal” doctrine did not actually provide blacks with similar facilities and resources as whites, brokers at the bankers were able to deny those of color loans to buy a home in these newly developed suburban neighborhoods. During the mid to late 1900’s there was an obvious divide in the majority of cities in the United States, with minorities in the crumbling inner cities and whites in the new clean suburbs.

It was reflected in neighborhood property values, in the terms of mortgages, and in the way real chairs steered prospective buyers and countless other tactics that preserve the racial barrier. White who chose to ignore the color line faced a severe financial penalty, blacks usually had no choice in the matter. Through it all, the key programs of the 1949 Housing Act slum clearance in public housing were being used to reshape cities throughout the country, redistributing land and populations to suit those in power. Poor districts undesirable urban land was cleared for redevelopment but were rarely replaced with affordable housing. These neighborhoods were disproportionately black residents were scattered to segregated pockets throughout the city, new battles formed as the old were demolished. Urban renewal found a new name, “negro removal”. In the segregated city, blacks paid more for worse housing with fewer amenities, older hospitals, higher food prices, less police protection. It seemed like the government was going to support poor people, giving people a few pieces of dollars to live on, then they were going to extract blood form tangents. People were going to live according to the rules from such-and-such policies, and the rules just happened to be very relentless, sometimes