Botulism : A Social Aspect Of A Disease

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the internment of Japanese Americans on the West coast of the United States. On going tension between the United States and Japan rose in the 1930’s due to Japan’s increasing power and because of this tension the bombing at Pearl Harbor occurred. This event then led the United States to join World War II. However it was the Executive Order of 9066 that officially led to the internment of Japanese Americans. Japanese Americans, some legal and illegal residents, were moved into internment camps between 1942-1946. The internment of Japanese Americans affected not only these citizens but the

A) Emerging Infectious Diseases reported an example of a real life outbreak of community-acquired foodborne illness caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in January 2002, from the Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. A family purchased a dinner of shredded barbeque pork and coleslaw from a convenience and delicatessen market. The pork was reheated in the home microwave, and three adults ate the food after it was bought. Three to four hours after eating the meal, the three adults who had not eaten another common meal together in the preceding week had nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. The two children who did not eat the food did not become sick. Two of the three adults were hospitalized for evaluation, and then they were treated and released.

Its caused by undercooked meat, dirty surfaces, unwashed materials, foods that’s been kept warm for several hours. Bacteria are found in the soil and the feces of some people and animals. The clostridium perfringens lives in the host by undergoing fermentation that produces gases that will increase the survival by creating a habitat within the tissue of the host. Clostridium is subdivided into five different serotypes A to E, which is on the origin of each isolate’s pattern of the four groups alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota, which are known to be clostridium perfringens toxins. Clostridium perfringens develop mainly from its productive ability to express protein toxins and produce endospores. Clostridium produces numerous virulence factors. Some virulence factors such as, kappa and alpha are enzymes that break down substances that are important to the body. Other virulence factors, such as iota, beta, epsilon act mostly on the blood vessels, to allow the liquid and gases to flow through the

The bacterium is largely spread in nature and be present in soil, water and contaminated foods. Animals and fresh produce are prone to contamination in foul environment. How this affected Enterprise Food, is the factory workers were in the presence of the bacterium while they were producing the perishable, and from the above research listeriosis shows that it has the ability to affect the working environment through oxygen ‘inhaling’, and through quality checks when the quality in spectator test the product as for quality protocol by tasting the perishable meat. Infection of the bacterium can cause in mild to severe febrile gastroenteritis and in pregnant women, the bacterium can cause pregnancy loss. (National institute for communicable

The first strain mentions is the most common type which is foodborne botulism, food borne botulism is caused by eating foods that contain the botulinum toxin; the most frequent source being home-canned foods prepared in an unsafe manner (CDC, 2016). The next type of botulism is wound botulism which is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum. Injection drugs users are at increased risk for wound botulism. The third type of botulism is infant botulism caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxin (CDC, 2016). Bacteria from the spores can grow and multiply in a baby's intestines, producing a dangerous toxin. The condition can occur in infants up to age 12

“All strange and terrible events are welcome, but comforts we despise.” Cleopatra said this quote. As queen of ancient Egypt, Cleopatra was one of the most famous female rulers in history. Knowledgeable and smart, Cleopatra could talk different dialects and served as the predominant ruler in each of the three of her co-rules. Her sentimental contacts and military partnerships with the Roman pioneers Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, and her assumed intriguing excellence and forces of enchantment, earned her a persisting spot in history and common misconception.

By the 19th century, Tuberculosis or “consumption,” also known as “The Forgotten Plague,” had killed nearly one in seven of all the persons who had ever lived in America. This “plague” affected nearly everyone who lived in America, whether it was their father, mother, sister, or brother. It affected women, men, and even children. These victims suffered from bloody hacking coughing, unbearable pain, and fatigue. At this time, no one knew what caused it and how to cure it. Many believed the sickness was passed on hereditarily and that only certain people would stem this illness depending upon their genes. Little did they know, that this infectious disease was spread through coughing and close contact with people who had “consumption”. The role “consumption” played in affecting American History is very important for the fact that it helped with developments in better health laws, better social habits, and better medicine and treatments for sickness.

3 Botulism is a serious and potentially fatal disease. Nonetheless, it is relatively rare. It is an intoxication usually caused by ingestion of potent neurotoxins in contaminated foods. It is not contagious. Clostridium botulinum produces spores that are heat-resistant and exist widely in the environment, and in the absence of oxygen they germinate, grow and then excrete toxins. Botulinum toxins are ingested through improperly processed food in which the bacteria or the spores survive and produce the toxins. Though mainly a food borne intoxication, botulism can also be caused by intestinal infection in infants, wound infections, and by inhalation.

Botulism is poisoning by a toxin. It is produced by a bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. This germ is commonly found in soil. It is from the same group of bacteria that causes tetanus. Botulism is a rare, but serious illness, which causes paralysis. When this happens, you cannot move your arms or legs.

Leaving food out too long at room temperature can cause bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Campylobacter) to grow to dangerous levels that can cause illness. Bacteria grow most rapidly in the range of temperatures between 40 °F and 140 °F, doubling in number in as little as 20 minutes. This range of temperatures is often called the "Danger Zone." Pathogens grow especially fast between 70°F and 125°F.

Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism typically begin between 12 and 36 hours after the toxin gets into your body. But, the start of symptoms can range from a few hours to several days, depending on the amount of toxin ingested. Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism include:

Clostridium botulinum produces toxin called Botulism neurotoxin (BoNTs) which is responsible for botulism. There are seven serotypes BoNTs of which only A, B and E are responsible for human botulism. These toxins bind to presynaptic nerve terminal of neuromuscular junction thus disrupting cellular communication resulting in muscular weakness and paralysis. Various ways were discovered for treating botulism which involve producing murine monoclonal antibodies against BoNTs. But if such antibodies are injected into human beings such antibodies would be detected as foreign entities and antibodies would be produced against monoclonal antibodies. The drawbacks of use monoclonal antibodies lead to development of antigen specific antibodies.

Paris in the 1920s radiated a feeling of enthusiastic optimism and thus attracted a rich and diverse group of people. A Moveable Feast by Ernest Hemingway documents the young author’s experience in Paris, focusing both on his own journey to becoming a true writer and his relationships with other artists in the city. During the 1920s, Paris exemplified the spirit of the world in the aftermath of World War I and allowed creativity and philosophy to thrive. Despite its sometimes slow pace and unconventional narrative style, A Moveable Feast truthfully portrays the Parisian way of life and the impact the great city had on a young Hemingway.

Botulism is actually a serious as well as life threatening neurological disorder. The bacteria which is responsible for this disease is known as Clostridium botulinum. Being a bacterial disorder it may cause potentially life threatening neurological paralysis due to the severe effect of the neurotoxins produced by the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum. Though this is disease exist rare, but there are several causes which are responsible for the outbreak of this disease. The spore of the bacteria which affect any human by causing this disease may easily enter to human body by wounds or improperly preserved or canned foods.

Botulism is a rare but very serious paralytic illness that is caused by botulinum toxin(potentially deadly neurotoxin) which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum toxin can enter the body in 3 main ways: by the ingestion of the toxin from eating foods that contain the botulism toxin (food borne botulism), by the contamination of a wound by the bacterium in which the toxin is produced (wound botulism) and Infant botulism which is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release the toxin. The powerful exotoxin (botulinum toxin) leads to secretory diarrhea. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are therefore considered to be