Capital Budgeting Of Florida Department Of Education

Budgeting is an essential element of the financial planning, control, and evaluation processes of schools. Every school district shall prepare annual budgets covering all if its funds properly classified as Agency Funds and Private Purpose of Trust Funds. Budgetary accounts are used to record legally adopted annual operating budgets. Budgetary accounts are recorded in the general ledger to facilitate control over school district revenues and expenditures during the year. The annual operating budget is the plan of current expenditures and the proposed means of financing them. The annual operating budget is the primary means by which most of the financing acquisition, spending, and service delivery activities of the Wayne County School District are

There are different types of budgeting that businesses typically use and those include Operating budgets, Capital Budgets and there are many subtypes that exist because a budget can also be created for special events, the recruitment and retention of new staff, and to manage the advertising expenses and return on investments for a business (Demand Media, 1999-2012). According to Demand Media (1999-2012), "An operating budget outlines the total operating expenses and income for the organization, typically for the period of a fiscal year. Capital budgets evaluate the investments and assets of the business, and a cash budget shows the predicted cash flow in and out of the business over a period of time” (para.2 ). According to the Cost-Benefit Analysis (2012), “Capital budgeting has at its core the tool of cost-benefit analysis; it merely extends the basic form into a multi-period analysis, with consideration of the time value of money. In this context, a new product, venture, or investment is evaluated on a start-to-finish basis, with care taken to capture all the impacts on the company, both cost and benefits. When these inputs and outputs are quantified by year, they can then be discounted to present value to determine the net present value of the opportunity at the time of the decision” ("Cost-Benefit Analysis," 2012).

Capital budgeting decisions involve investments requiring large cash outlays at the beginning of the life of the project and commit the firm to a particular course of action over a relatively long period of time. As such, they are costly and difficult to reverse, both because of: (1) their large cost and (2) the fact that they involve fixed assets, which cannot be liquidated easily.

When developing a budget, the first step is having a written strategic plan. This help in budgeting towards the organizations vision. The budget provides the financial resources to achieve goals. The governing board or head of the organization should approve the budget and keep current with its performance. The budget should be reviewed monthly to monitor performance, be familiar with all expenditures, and safeguard against misappropriation of funds (Lotich, 2014). The budgeting process looks several years into the future to identify a variety of financial needs that may be growing while other are decreasing. Budgets need to show how the money is to be allocated and spent (McCrie, 2007).

It is a budget that includes the operating budget and the capital budget and is designed to show all aspects of financial activities. A comprehensive budget consists of two major components, operating budget for short-term goals which entails recurring items and capital budget for long-term goals consisting of nonrecurring items. Operating budget or rather recurring incomes and expenditures are normally the easiest to determine and project since they occur consistently and have an instant effect on our day to day lives. Operating budgets are planned in the context where short-term lifestyle goals preferences are required. This kind of budgets are chosen and the period should be long enough to display intermittent items as non-recurring or recurring items and yet small to follow and manage choices within that given period. An example of operating budgets is personal budgets done commonly in a month’s time since most living expenses are paid at least monthly. The other is capital budget or capital expenditures and investments. After all deductions for living expenses and debts, the remaining income is available for capital expenditures and investments. The capital budget is part of the long-term plan for establishing an asset base. Investments can also be used to achieve specific future goals such financing education or retirement. One should use time and value relations to evaluate capital expenditures and progress since capital budgets are long-term

Capital Budgeting (otherwise called venture examination) is the most vital instrument in corporate money to figure out if an organization 's long haul speculations are beneficial or not. It is otherwise called speculation a Working capital are the assets important to bolster the operation of the seemingly perpetual resources. Different cases will be utilized to show Capital Budgeting procedure is the way toward arranging and controlling capital consumption inside a firm. Capital Budgeting is over a period more noteworthy than the period considered under a working spending plan. Capital planning includes the quest for reasonable speculation open doors; illustration, (for example, putting resources into R&D, opening another branch,

Budgeting is potentially a managers most valuable planning and management tool - but only if budgets are carefully planned and monitored. Depending on the size of the organization, preparing a budget can be a very complex process. This tutorial focuses on important aspects of budgeting - preparation and

a. Capital budgeting is the process of analyzing projects and determining which ones to accept and include in the capital budget.

Budgeting is crucial in the well-being of a company especially the financial health status of a company. In fact, no professionally managed firm would fail to budget, since the budget establishes what is authorized, how to plan for purchasing contracts and hiring, and indicates how much financing is needed to support planned activity. It is routine for a company to budget for its expenses. Expense budgets act as a guideline of how much revenue a company would require keeping the activities running. It is used to set the company’s targets for a certain period.

The budget is a financial plan for the university that quantifies the resource allocation plan for the next three fiscal years. The budget process begins in early fall of each year to develop the budget for the following fiscal year as well as projected budgets for the next 2 years. Budgeting at the unit level is a decentralized process. Each unit is responsible for building its’ own budget. The allocation letter, in addition to various other data collected at the unit level, is essential to completing this process. Central administration distributes the allocation letter, which includes the assumptions and the initial allocation amount. All units' budgets are reviewed and compiled by the Budget and Financial Planning

The operational budget is a key part of any business or organization. It is a necessity for both profit and non- profit organizations. The budget is used to allocate financial, physical and human resources to achieve strategic goals (Best Practices, 2000). The budget shows how resources will be utilized; it should be linked to the overall strategic plan of the business or organization.

This article mainly discusses the cost of capital, the required return necessary to make a capital budgeting project worthwhile. Cost of capital includes the cost of debt and the cost of equity. Theorist conclude that the cost of capital to the owners of a firm is simply the rate of interest on bonds.

Capital budgeting is a step by step process an organization use to evaluate the merits and

Budgeting is the establishment of budgets and the continuous comparison of actual to budgeted results either to secure the aims of the policy or provide a basis for revision (CIMA, 2000). (Peter Atrill & Eddie Mclaney, 2002) Stated that, it is very vital to recognise that budgets do not exist in a vacuum, they are an integral part of a planning framework that is adopted by well-run businesses. The role of the budget system is to answer the needs of management in respect of the discernment and decisions it is required to work and to provide a foundation for management functions for planning and control (Weetman, 2006). This essay will discuss the role and objectives of traditional budgeting and its problems. (Weetman, 2006) Assess that the

The concept of capital budgeting is critical for the livelihood as it involves the guidance and control for the future success of the company.