Case Study : Pain Management, Intra Operative And Post- Operative Settings

Research has shown that there are several organizations and active advocates who are working on pain management problems to face this public health issue. The following establishments involve: The American Academy of Pain Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and American Pain Society and many for-profit and nonprofit organizations are also working at different level towards pain management. Most specifically, the IOM has been devoted to studying pain and its consequences on individuals, the healthcare system, as well as on government (IOM, 2011).

First pain is an everyday experiences that is expressed through the use of language and is then legitimized (Waddie, 1996). If a patient as a history of depression or chronic pain they have pain every day and the concept is used to help explain their pain. As nurse we use the concept of pain to find a base line of the pain and to assess new pain. In surgical patients they may have multiple types of pain from the incision, emotional, and history. The concept educates the nurse of the different form that pain can present itself. Pain can also guide how we treat the patient. Emotional pain would not be treated with the “so know pain pills”, but with talking or listening to patient. Concept of pain also address the different form of patient and how the nurse and patient response to it. If a patient is having somatic pain from an incision the nurse could react by applying heat or ice. Pain is what the patient says it is.

The pre-operative stage is an important phase in patient’s surgery process. This is the time where the patients is experiencing a lot of anxiety issues and have questions regarding the impending procedure. To help ensure good patient outcomes, it is imperative to provide complete preoperative instructions and discharge instructions (Allison & George, 2014). It is the nurses’ duty to safe guard and protects the patient’s welfare during the surgical experience. Effective preoperative preparation is known to enhance postoperative pain management and recovery. Health professionals need to be cognizant of the contextual factors that influence patients’ preoperative experiences and give context appropriate care (Aziato & Adejumo, 2014).

Pain is an obvious consequence of injuries and surgery, but it is also a common symptom of ill health. A complex experience, with many variables that can influence the patient experience and interpretation. The various factors include age, gender, culture influences, social class, personality and emotional factors such as anxiety, fear and depression which do not necessarily increase the patient’s pain experience, but will affect their reaction to it.

According to the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN, ) the perioperative RN, Operating Nurse or Nurse Circulator is the main patient advocate in the operating room and takes responsibility of all aspects of the patient’s condition and care. The role is very vital as this nurse’s duty is to ensure timely delivery of quality surgical care so that there are optimal outcomes achieved for each surgical patient. As the patient’s advocate, the perioperative nurse is medically trained to serve as the patient’s primary spokesperson. The perioperative nurse must communicate the needs of the patients especially while the patient is aware and sedated. The perioperative nurse pays close attention to the patient’s condition before, during

Septoplasty, for symptomatic deviated nasal septum, is a commonly practiced surgery in ENT. After septal operations, nasal packing helps to minimize the dead space and bleeding from surgery site. In addition to prevent nasal bleeding, these materials also support the septal mucoperichondrial flaps and minimize the risk of formation of septal hematomas and adhesions.2

The major concepts of this theory are defined theoretically since the use of these definitions is from a broader theoretic concept. Therefore, an operational concept could be developed from them. There is consistency in the use of these concepts throughout the theory of acute pain management with examples given using the same language as well as maintaining the integrity of the concepts.

Back pain is one of the most common ailments today affecting up to 80% of people in the United States. Options have always included conservative measures, such as chiropractic care or physical therapy, or extreme measures, such as surgery. Patients have become more knowledgeable about the treatment options and are searching for different routes. Today, many patients with pain are looking at interventional pain management procedures for pain relief. These procedures include injections like epidurals and facet medial branch block injections. This article provides a review of three of the most common fluoroscopically-guided procedures used today. The techniques along with the efficacy of each procedure are also addressed in this article.

According to John Hopkins Medicine (n.d.), pain is an uncomfortable feeling that tells you something may be wrong. It can be fixed, throbbing, stabbing, aching, pinching, or described in many other ways. Pain is categorized as either acute or chronic. Acute pain is usually severe and brief, and is often a signal that your body has been injured. Chronic pain can vary from mild to severe and is there for long periods of time (John Hopkins Medicine, n.d). This paper will discuss a scenario that entails which person is experiencing the most pain, how two people can have the same procedure experience different levels of pain, factors that contribute to each person’s pain level, and two complementary/alternative methods of pain control.

Background: The field of pediatric pain changed greatly in the past decades. However, the number of children who experience moderate to severe postoperative pain, even with analgesic treatment, remains significant. If an intravenous or inhalational anesthetic would include in itself all the components of general anesthesia, like hypnosis, analgesia, and amnesia, it would represent a really ideal anesthetic. There is a debate on the potential analgesic efficacy of propofol compared with sevoflurane. During comparison of the postoperative analgesic effects of propofol versus sevoflurane in children

I read the article by Chou et al. (2016), and I think it is commendable how the panel was selected to review the evidence and provide recommendations for postoperative pain (Chou et al., 2016, p. 132). In the article, the panel was composed of professionals with expertise from anesthesia, pain medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, hospital medicine, nursing, primary care, physical therapy and psychology (Chou et al., 2016, p. 132). Additionally, I agree with their first recommendation that clinicians should provide an individualized education regarding postoperative pain management that is patient and family-centered (Chou et al., 2016, p. 133). When I previously worked in Med-Surg, there were particular instances when I

Introduction: Recent estimates indicate that millions of major surgical procedures are performed worldwide each year and Patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for malignancy are typical representatives of such high-risk patients. [1] Major abdominal surgeries induce neurohumoral changes responsible for postoperative pain, various organ dysfunctions and prolonged hospitalization. Inadequate pain control is harmful and costly thus an appropriate pain therapy must be used to those patients. [2] Bakr et al.

The effective relief of pain is one of the utmost importance to anyone whether a health care provider or family member whom have undergone a surgical procedure. Anyone who has undergone a surgical procedure will experience pain. Pain is defined as a complex experience with sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective and cognitive evaluative dimensions (Lewis, ). One of the main reasons individuals seeks care in a hospital setting is due to the sensations of pain. The ultimate goal of postoperative pain management is to reduce or eliminate the pain with minimum side effects and provide an effective relief that is comfortable for the individual. Pain management is important in any individual because acute pain that is unrelieved can lead to much serious conditions that of which can affect all the major systems and organs in the body leading to chronic complications. The reasons for the under treatment of pain are varied.

A vast amount of studies has been done to investigate the correlation between preoperative education and post-operative pain outcome, however, as pain itself is a subjective sensation and hardly to be eradicated, many research explored how preoperative education affect patient anxiety level and expectation then reduce post-operative pain (McDonald et al., 2014; Oshodi, 2007). As mentioned previously, the perception of pain and pain relief are highly associated with patient anxiety level (Ibrahim et al., 2013). The surgical procedure can be psychologically and physically stressful for patients because they feel uncertain to the possible outcomes, especially when they have little information about the surgery and feel lack of control over their

Surgery, whether elective or emergent, is a stressful, complex event. Today, as a result of advances in surgical techniques and instrumentation as well as in anesthesia, many surgical procedures that were once performed in an inpatient setting now take place in an ambulatory or outpatient setting. Approximately 60% of elective surgeries are now performed in an ambulatory or outpatient setting (Russell, Williams & Bulstrode, 2000). This trend has increased the acuity and complexity of surgical patients and procedures. The number of surgical patients admitted for overnight hospital stays is expected to continue to decrease. Perioperative and perianesthesia nursing addresses the nursing roles relevant to the three phases of the surgical experience: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative