This essay will look at some of the themes and traits that have arisen out of Greek playwriting, and how they are still used in modern plays today. The first example to be discussed will be the characters being portrayed as complex individuals, making complex decisions. Second, the observation will be made that in these stories, men often inhabit the legalistic, or political sphere, while women exist within the moral sphere. Finally, the essay will show how the introduction of realistic dialogue, speaking as real people would speak with real worries and motivations, has changed the landscape of entertainment.
Our stories would not be the same without complex characters acting within them. Many cultures have oral histories with black and white heroes and villains, allegories with clear morals about the right action in a particular situation. During the Greek era of playwriting, this changed in serious ways. The concept of story as artform was born. Part of this artform was creating characters that the audience could relate to, which meant expanding beyond black and white archetypes that limited the scope of the story.
…show more content…
In it, the title character Antigone is forced to choose to follow the law or her moral beliefs. She tells her sister Ismene that she is going to break the law in order to do right by her conscience. Her sister, in turn, has to grapple with whether to stop, join, or ignore her sister. Later, Antigone’s fiancé, also Creon’s son, has to wrestle with the fact that his father has decided to sentence his betrothed to death. During this time, men were expected to be loyal to the state first, their family second, and their spouses third. Although he acts the good son, Haimon in the end cannot handle the unspeakable act his father has committed and ends up committing suicide after Antigone is found hanged by her own hand (Mays
Although Antigone shows equality for women and rights, each character in the play has different views and believes. As a tragic hero of the play, Antigone has a tragic flaw and is very brave, as she defies Creon’s law and buries her brother, despite the fact she knows she will have to face consequences. Ismene and Creon on the other hand, do not appreciate
The first specification for the tragic hero is one of the few that both Antigone and Creon exhibit; both characters are between the extremes of perfect morality and pure villainy. Antigone’s moral neutrality is illustrated through her noble intentions and the unorthodox way she acts upon them. When she is confronted by Creon and demanded to give an explanation for her disobedience, Antigone says, “For me it was not Zeus who made that order. Nor did that Justice who lives with the gods below mark out such laws to hold among mankind” (Sophocles 207 ll. 450-2). Along with love and loyalty to her brother, Antigone is largely motivated by her desire for justice and appeasement of the gods. While her intentions are noble, Antigone’s actions in the
Her determination to honor the deceased led to her eternal rest. The play Antigone by Sophocles is a tragedy about a young woman named Antigone whose brother died in combat and was not permitted to be buried by the king. This leads Antigone to bury her brother and face the wrath of the king’s punishment. After Antigone’s death, fate changes for Creon, the king, when he loses all of his family members for going against the laws of the gods. As the eponymous character of the play Antigone, Antigone breaks Creon’s law by burying her brother and is sentenced to death, even if it were her uncle’s decree. Nevertheless, the character Creon suffers a fate far worse than death for upholding a law he had set up. The role of family ties in Antigone is
While Antigone represents a full devotion to humanism, her sister, Ismene, represents not only the rejection of it, but also passivity towards the notion of morality which, in a sense, is equivalent to Creon’s treachery towards what we hold morally sacred. Ismene has long been used as a symbol of both anti-politics and anti-humanism, which creates a dynamic plot by contrasting the cowardly fear to stand up for one’s concept of what is right with a brazen display of self-fulfilled justice. (2) What’s worse may be Ismene’s knowledge of her cowardliness and complete complacency, as seen when talking to Antigone about her plan to bury their slain brother when sharing her fear of punishment, " Think how we’ll die far worse than all the rest, if we defy the law and move against the
One has the capability to determine from right and wrong and having the determination to stand up for what one believes in, no matter what the price is. In Sophocles’ Antigone, a written dramatic play, Sophocles portrays the theme that at times of one’s life, it is necessary to follow moral law and ignore political law. In the play, a determined and courageous woman named Antigone is loyal to her beloved brother by granting him a proper burial and having to suffer the consequences for revolting. Throughout Antigone, several incidents occurred where the political law was of no importance to the individual. Conflicts between Antigone and Ismene and then with Creon and Antigone are examples of the theme. The theme also ties with the
Antigone is a play based on a Greek tragedy, that takes place in the city of Thebes. Antigone is one of four siblings, her two brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, and her sister, Ismene, and soon to be married to Haimon. Her two brothers Eteocles and Polyneices do not live to the end of this drama, but die fighting one another for the throne of the kingdom. Creon, a ruthless leader, takes the heir of the throne. He demands Polyneices not have a burial for he was a traitor, and anyone who attempts to disobey his ruling would be punished. Antigone violated the ruling and attempted to bury Polyneices. Creon showed no pity for the fact that she was his only son’s fiancee and instead gave Antigone a death punishment. Antigone states multiple times that she believes she did nothing wrong, as well as others in the city think that. Haimon uses rhetorical devices throughout the drama in attempts to keep his father from killing Antigone and to show his father how he is affecting the city.
Conflicts that institute in a royal family directly result in a catastrophic incident leading to outcasted characters alone. In the Greek play, Antigone, exhibits a tragic story about a family where a king named Creon believes he’s required to kill his niece, Antigone, for her valiant action. Antigone wanted to honor her brother Polynices so she disobeyed her uncles order, Creon, and buried Polynices. Creon endeavored to make Antigone lie and not tell anyone about the burial for the sake of his son, because Haemon, Creon’s son, is profoundly in love with Antigone. Antigone was reluctant to retain her mouth close and was willing to die than abide by the rule of the government. Antigone contributes to Creon’s development as a tragic hero by having opposing views, developing the theme of regret.
Like Creon, Antigone also never falters in standing up for what she believes in. Although Creon fights for stubborn pride, Antigone is trying to promote what is right and shows her higher reverence for God’s law rather than for Creon’s laws. In the eyes of the townspeople, Chorus, Choragos, and Haimon, Antigone is sacrificing herself to give her brother Polyneices the rightful honors due to the dead. Many side with this brave, honorable girl because she would rather suffer persecution and even death rather than give into Creon’s illogical demands. In the play, the chorus says about her, “You have made your choice, Your death is the doing of your conscious hand”. Antigone knew of the consequences before she acted and in doing so she chose her fate. At the time, she pleaded her sister Ismene to help her bury Polyneices but was rejected. Despite being alone in trying to rebel and perhaps she may have been afraid, Antigone goes out of her way and puts her life on the line to bring her brother respect.
Haimon argues with his father that he is ignorant of the entire situation. Antigone should be seen as a hero, as she was brave enough to go against the law and follow her heart. Creon thinks that his son is just a love struck fool and too young to understand. Creon tells his son "Son your pathethic. You give in to a women (46)”. Creon told Haimon this because he thinks that his son is young and immature and is in love with Antigone and wants him to pardon her because of that reason. Haimon is correct in the things he is saying, but Creon does not think so. Haimon brings up that the town of thebes nothing against Antigone or her deeds. Creon does not listen and gives Antogone the cruelest punishment to showcase the danger of going against his
A tragic play called Antigone; written by Sophocles, who has created a stubborn, hubris, and cursed king; king of Thebes- a man named Creon. He had a son, Haimon, who fell in love, and was engaged to his cousin, Antigone. Antigone was royalty, with characteristics like her father. She was strong-headed, hubris and loyal to her family. Creon’s respect for Antigone vanished, because she buried her brother, Polyneices with pride and love. One of Creon’s law was not to bury Polyneices or even pray for him, and whoever does will be punished. Antigone did not deny her deeds, family or not, Creon, her uncle, still punished her for her crime that she has committed. Creon and Antigone, who are both hubris and stubborn people, who’s plan ended their lives; either in a cruse or a rope around their neck. However the true tragic hero is someone who has
Family is very important and is shown through the many ways in society. That family will often be more important than the authority or law. The tragic Greek play, Antigone written by Sophocles. Within Antigone, Sophocles presents many situations where characters are forced to face their feelings of law or family. Throughout Antigone, Sophocles proves his strong devotion to family, even more. Sophocles presents these through the actions of Antigone, Creon, and Haemon with the choices that they make throughout the play. For instance, Antigone had many chances to obey the law or her own familial bonds. Antigone chooses to obey family, and bury Polynices even though burying breaks Creon's law. Antigone pleads with her sister to help, but when she says no, Antigone responds, “But as for me/ I will bury the brother I love” (Prologue. 192). Antigone was willing to break Creon's authority as a family means much more to her, this presents her as selfless. Along with breaking the law, Antigone also risks execution for that crime. When Antigone learns of her punishment, after Creon discovers, Antigone decides if entombing her brother was worth it. Following Creon's warning, she says, “This death of mine/ is of no importance; but if I had left my brother/ lying in death unburied, I should have suffered. / Now I do not” (Scene II. 208). Antigone shows the courage that even death won't scare her from her goals. Antigone chooses family, when in the face of the capital punishment.
Moreover, Sophocles’ “Antigone” shows how freedom, life, and a normal everyday life was the cost of fighting for social justice and the common good. In attempt to give her brother Polyneices the appropriate burial, chaos erupts in the kingdom of Thebes. Antigone wanted to honor her brother and the gods by burying her brother even though it was against the wishes of King Creon. Antigone knew her punishment would be death, but she did not care. Antigone was willing to risk her life in order to do what she felt was right. In regards to freedom, Antigone’s arrest and exile were both costs of her fight for social justice and the common good. Antigone’s fight for the common good affected her life as well as the lives of those around her. Her fiancé Haimon tried to fight for a good life for himself and Antigone by going against his father’s word. In the end, Haimon took his life as a result of Antigone’s death and his mother Eurydike committed suicide as a result of Haimon’s death.
The human struggle to defy what is intrinsically wrong but established as permissible is openly apparent in the initial scenes of the play strong-willed and brave-hearted Antigone reveals her plan to unlawfully bury her brother, only to be rejected and dismantled by cautious and law-abiding Ismene. Although Ismene is saddened by her brother's fate, nomos renders her helpless; social constructs have influenced her belief that their standings as women and individual citizens are no match for state law. Consequently, she is appalled that Antigone would even think of defying Creon, believing their brother's fate is out of their hands. She even warns her sister, "tis witless to be over busy."1 Her chance to rightfully bury Polyneices, and more importantly, to realize her innate responsibility to her kin, is temporarily barred by human-allotted law and practice.
She rebels against Creon’s rules and against the Greek patriarchy by continuing on with her plan. Creon’s indignation on antigone causes a disapproving son, who is Antigone’s fiance and ultimately the rest of society, eventually leading to Creon’s ultimate failure to lead as a king. Antigone overturns a fundamental rule, that women are not superior and should not speak out against man created laws. Since Creon has a misogynistic mindset, this leads to the Gods of Thebes to penalize him. “Nor did I think your edict had such force that you, a mere mortal, could override the gods” (II.4.503-504). Antigone spoke up against Creon for what was right to her, which was a rule followed by her people all the time and a law created by the Gods. However, Sophocles show the reader where fault lies and how women were viewed in Greek society, Antigone, however is a breakout character who goes against the human law and a threat to the status quo.
Not only is Antigone courageous and highly motivated by her morals by standing up for her political and religious beliefs, she also protects her personal ones when she buries her brother. Antigone places family above her own life, and she refuses to let a man stand in her way of maintaining her ideals. She buries Polynices out of her own loyalty to her brother even after her sister, Ismene, refuses. Antigone is cruel to her for not taking part in illegally burying their brother. Instead of being caring and considerate, she becomes irate and at the end of their conversation says, "Go away Ismene: I shall be hating you soon, and the dead will too, for your hateful words," Antigone's flaw was her headstrong behavior and her stubbornness, which ultimately brought about her downfall and the downfall of those around her. Her persistence of course, is what forces Antigone to rashly take matters in to her own hands. Creon then decides to take Antigone's life "Away with her at once, and close her up in her rock-vaulted tomb. Leave her and let her die". To everyone's surprise Antigone does not run from her death sentence suggesting a great trait of braveness, which the chorus recognizes before her exodus from life. The notion that a person has no say in the affairs of their loved ones and the fact that those laws were defied deserves