Push and Pull Factors for Child Soldiers and Child Pirates
Conradi (2013) explains, child soldiering and child piracy are both considered an act of human trafficking. To demonstrate, although the minor carries out the act, the adult is in a position of power supervising the minor. In this brief discussion, I will focus on the “push and pull factors of child soldiering” and child piracy discussed in Chapter 4 (Haer, 2017). Although, child piracy was not discussed in the chapter, I found the topic to be relevant to the discussion.
To define, “push factors” in this context are, the reasons children join a criminal entity and the “pull factors” are the reasons why criminal organizations recruit children (Haer, 2017). Haer (2017) indicates, the push factors that drive children to join criminal organizations vary from their impoverished conditions to the glamour of the lifestyle, etc. (Haer, 2017). On the other hand, the “pull” factors that drive criminal entities to recruit children include: “they obey orders, they are not concerned to get back to a wife or family, the know no fear, etc.” (Haer, 2017, p. 67).
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According to Whitman (2013) “child soldiers and child pirates face similar life-threatening dangers and are both exploited by adults in similar ways” (p. 228). Additionally, Whitman (2013) argues the “children are shifted from different contexts of exploitation” considering their skills are transferable across criminal activities (p. 229). For instance, in 2013, while piracy attacks reduced, simultaneously the militant group, “Al-Shabaab, gained ground on land in Somalia” (p. 229). Dalhousie Marine Piracy Project (DMPP) claims, “as the conflict on land intensifies the levels of marine piracy decline” (Whitman,
Child soldiers being used around the world related to interventionism which is a policy of non-defensive activity undertaken by a national, state, or political jurisdiction to manipulate an economy or society. This is the case because nations liek the United States are aware of what is going on and are trying to stop nations from recruiting child soldiers. People around globe are trying to stop this from happening since they understand that thesekids arebeing turned into ruthless, emotionless, and dangerous individiuals as opposed to growing and learning as they should.
All this information’s showing us how those pirates grow up fast and become one of the most dangerous group in the Somali coast. Hunter says that most of
Human trafficking has been identified as a profitable illicit business. Sexual exploiters have profited off the sexual exploitation of women and minors, while businesses have profited from nonconsensual labor from minors who cannot express their own interest. (Marcus, et.al, 2002, p.47). The regional director of “Not for Sale” makes a valid point about profitable gains of human trafficking. “You can sell a bag of drugs once, but you can sell a person multiple times,” (Marcus, et.al, 2002, p.47). That quote is basically the mindset of traffickers who look forward to making a profit and decide partake in this illicit business. In regards to sexual exploiters and minors, there are only a handful of
Over the last several years, the issue of human trafficking has been compared with the slave trade. This is because both are focused on taking someone against their will and forcing them to engage in demeaning activities. Yet, the practices of modern traffickers are different from slave traders. To fully understand the similarities and disparities requires contrasting them with one another. The combination of these factors will provide specific insights about the two. (Bales, 2010)
Human trafficking affects our children and our schools more than most realize. It is estimated that more than 200,000 American children are trafficked each year in America. Victims of trafficking often come from vulnerable populations, including migrants, oppressed or marginalized groups, runaways or displaced persons, and the poor (Talati). The children most likely to be targeted by traffickers are those not living with their parents, who are vulnerable to coerced labor exploitation, domestic servitude, or prostitution. Sex traffickers target children because of their vulnerability and gullibility, as well as the market demand for young victims. Studies have shown that it is not just high school children at risk, demonstrating that pimps prey on victims as young as 12 years old. Victims
Human trafficking “is used in common parlance to describe many forms of exploitation of human beings” (“Involuntary Trafficking Statutes Enforced”). The modern problems of human trafficking have evolved from the problem of negligence and or abuse from parents. These kids are sought out by pimps and other people with ill intentions. Human trafficking, however, has evolved significantly since the early years of the African Slave Trade and has now expanded to the point where there are 20 to 30 million victims world-wide. The expansion of the network was caused by
Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the "Union Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)." He was born on December 18, 1879 in the village Gori, Georgia. His real name is Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili but he later changed it to Joseph Stalin. He was a smart kid that achieved good in school and he got a scholarship to "Tiflis Theological Seminary "in 1894. A year later he got in touch with Messame Dassy which is a secret organization that supported the independence in Georgia from Russia. Some of the workers in the organization where communists and they introduced him to Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, In 1898 he joined this organization and he also joined "Social Democratic Labor Party" and worked for the "revolutionary movement" in 1901. In 1902 he was
Legalization of marijuana, also known as cannabis, weed, etc. has been a trending controversial topic in many sectors of Canada. Although, there have been several studies, organizations and celebrities endorsing the legalization; marijuana should not be legalized due to its severe health effects. Cannabis has both short and long term effects on an individual’s health. These effects range from brain function and development, mental illness, heart rate to lung damage. With almost 44 percent of Canadians who have tried marijuana, the health of Canadians is at stake.
Imagine a population of 27 million people; populations more than Australia are the victims of human trafficking. This includes sex trafficking, child sex trafficking, forced labor, debt bondage, involuntary domestic servitude, and child soldiers. The methods are using threats, use of force, coercion, abduction, deception, vulnerability, or giving payments to the abductor. There are many contributing factors to human trafficking. These include the absence of laws in developing countries and failed states such as Libya. This also includes armed conflict around the world. Many governments are recruiting child soldiers not only for active combat but also for logistical and covert missions such as spies and lookouts. Forty percent of child soldiers
Child Soldiers is a major global issue which is affecting todays 21st century. Many Countries around the world are illegally operating child soldiers such as Burma and Sierra Leone currently there is a crisis as many more children are being subject to this cruel act. Many world media and Non-governmental organisations such as the guardian and Human rights watch have reported thousands of child soldiers in Myanmar Burma. The Convention on the rights of a child and the Universal declaration of human rights strictly prohibits children in armed conflict further the United Nations further prohibits children in armed conflicts. The International Criminal Court has previously dealt with Thomas Labunga a leader of the liberation forces of the Congo whom used children as young as 10 in his military . However these measures have not been effective as there are still children in conflict due to state sovereignty.
Sex trafficking, particularly that of children, has become a growing concern in the United States over the past several decades (Kotrla, 2010). By definition, child sex trafficking is “when a child (under 18 years of age) is induced to perform a commercial sex act” (U.S., 2013, para. 4), and includes forms such as prostitution and pornography (Kotrla, 2010). Researchers suggest that children are the most vulnerable to becoming victims of prostitution (Kotrla), and it is estimated that there are at least 100,000 victims in the United States (Estes & Weiner, 2001). Sex traffickers, otherwise known as “pimps,” often lure children with promises of food, clothing, love, and shelter, and then the pimps manipulate the children to keep them in prostitution (U.S. Department of Justice [DOJ], 2015). Awareness of the issue has led to the development of organizations, such as Children of the Night, that seek to help victims escape the sex trafficking industry (Children of the Night [COTN], 2016d).
The stakes are high, and the risks are obvious. We must remember that we are dealing with lives of children, not hardened criminals. Child soldiers and previous ones have a lot on their shoulders and by granting them amnesty we will be able to provide a better future for them. Many countries have participated in committing the atrocious crime of using children to fight in wars as part of their armies, some of them being Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, Uganda and many others. Many people believe that previous child soldiers should be put through court to be convicted of the war crimes that they committed, but this often leads to time in prison and hard feelings of violence towards the government. There is nothing for these children in jail. They simply cannot thrive in that ghastly environment and it should be a crime to stop them right in the middle of their development. We must grant these children amnesty because what they did was only to survive and we can easily adjust them to a new life by providing them with proper education.
Children within the United States who are being trafficked are part of what is called, domestic minor sex trafficking. These adolescents are citizens who have been forced, coerced, or misled to become a part of the commercial sex industry. Some of the most common ways to force minors into trafficking is through exotic dancing also known as stripping, brothels, porn, escorting, and massage services just to name a few (Minor Domestic Sex Trafficking). It is disturbing to know that there are children who are going through this. In order to create prevention and intervention programs for trafficking, it is important to understand what a sex trafficker is and the strategies they use to recruit children.
Egypt is one of the most populated country in the Middle East. It is one of the world’s first nation and carries one of the longest history of the modern world. This country is one of the pillar of modern civilization and was one of the first to develop abilities such as writing, agriculture, organized civilization and so on. Egypt is located in the North East of Africa next to Palestine and the Gaza Strip. It is mostly a desert country. Egypt counts about 88 million inhabitants (2015 estimation) and among this number the crude birth rate (CRB) reaches 23.35 on a population of 1,000 people (2014 estimation).
We can all probably think of a time we watched a movie that depicted the ominous and illustrious circle of human trafficking. Movies like the blockbuster hit Taken dramatized the storyline in order focus on Liam Neeson’s character who is a father and a retired CIA agent that utilizes his skills to get his daughter back from the possession of sex traffickers. Although the movie is an exaggeration, the reality is that many victims fall into the vicious circle of human trafficking, which does not just include sexual exploitation. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), human trafficking includes “exploiting the prostitution of others, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery or similar practices and the removal of organs.” In an event hosted at the United Nations Headquarters, the president of the General Assembly, Mr. John W. Ashe addressed human trafficking issues in the modern world stating that the,” annual profits as high as $36 billion per year, it ranks as the world’s third most profitable crime after illicit drug and arms trafficking.” The profit made by human trafficking involved not just girl and women but it also involves boys and men as well. Many make generalization that naïve girls are the victims to this organized crime; however, the case is that boys and men make up the population of millions of individuals who are victims to human trafficking.