Introduction
Colonisation of the Hawaiian Islands in the years following Captain James Cook’s landing in 1778 had a huge influence on the societal structure, the ruling system, and the gender roles within the community. With the old culture dismantled, a new one was built on the basis of Christian values, brought to Hawaii by the missionaries from New England. This essay will give a brief description of the colonisation of Hawaii, and then focus on the effects this process had on the societal structure, the monarchy, and the gender roles as were widely accepted in society, as well as how these changes affected other aspects of their culture. It will also briefly explore the effects of the expanding economy due to the opportunities the colonisers saw for growth and monetary gain.
The Ruling System
A major change to 19th century Hawaiian society, largely caused by the arrival of foreigners into the islands and the acculturation that followed, was the establishment of a western-modelled monarchy, solidifying Hawaii as an imperial society. In 1810, a Hawaiian chief, Kamehameha I, united the islands to form a kingdom, using the weapons and advice of the foreign colonisers. “The high chiefs of that era immediately understood the importance of the foreigner’s ships and their weaponry. Kamehameha […] was especially adept at maximizing the use of Western advisors and war technology in the advancement of his imperialistic aims.” (Pomaika 'i Cook, Withy and Tarallo-Jensen 2003). This
This primary source assists in answering the question, “Was imperialism constructive or deconstructive,” as it gives numerous examples of how the US imperialising Hawai’i was constructive. The examples included the ways the Hawaiians and Hawai’i benefited from being a territory of the US. Since the speech gives a clear western perspective on the US imperialising Hawai’i and clearly shows the audience whether imperialism was constructive or destructive for a western perspective, it is valuable. Therefore, the examples and the clear perspective provided assists in answering the overall question of whether imperialism was constructive or destructive. Regardless of the valuable information sources possess, they all also have limitations. The first limitation of the source is that the speech doesn’t show both sides of imperialism. This is because the speech only demonstrates how imperialism was constructive, and doesn’t state anything about how it may have been destructive. Another limitation is that the speech was written from a western perspective, therefore it was written from the perspective of the people from the country that was
In the beginning, Hawaii was unknown to any humans. Polynesians eventually came across its islands, and decided to make it their home. In the early days, each island was ruled by a chief, and many times the islands were in conflict with each other. Centuries like this passed, but then "in 1782, [Queen Lili'uokalani's] cousin Kamehameha set out to conquer and unite the islands". Thirteen years later, in 1795, Kamehameha
The Great Mahele lasted through 1848-1893. It was known as the distribution of land. King kamehameha the great fought in a war to get land . After winning the war he divided the land between his loyal followers in war by making them chiefs and letting them rule parts of his land. King Kamehameha created the great Mahele. The Mahele is when into 2 parts. 1,000,000 acres known as the crown lands, for his personal use. The other half being 1,500,000 acres known as government land for chiefs and commoners.How did the Mahele affect the Hawaiians socially, economically, and politicaly.
At this tense meeting with considerable distrust and suspicion evident in the faces, speeches and body language of the Samoan chiefs, the High Chief expressed considerable skepticism about American plans for the island, such as providing more education in English, teaching the young marketable skills, and developing the country. Being educated at the University of Hawaii, the High Chief would have had very good reason to be suspicious of the intentions of the United States, even when its representatives expressed their goodwill toward the Native peoples and desire to bring 'progress; and 'modernization. He would have learned about the wars against the Native Americans from the 17th to the 19th Centuries, for example, the annexation of Hawaii in 1898, and the Philippines War of 1899-1902, if indeed he had not known all about these before.
The annexation of Hawaii was an important event in the history of the world. It is still not easy for the Hawaiians to accept the fact that America had taken over a land 2500 miles away from the West Coast. In 1917 Hawaii was considered the 50th state supported by the islanders after a plebiscite. Queen Lydia Kamakaeha Liliuokalani was overthrown because of the support of the United States army as well as naval forces to a group of businessmen belonging to the sugar and pineapple industry. The Armed forces of the United States were ordered to provide this support on the directives of the minister of the United States to Hawaii. In reality they were missionaries who had been welcomed for several years by the
The relationship between the English and the Native Americans in 1600 to 1700 is one of the most fluctuating and the most profound relationships in American history. On the one side of the picture, the harmony between Wampanoag and Puritans even inspires them to celebrate “first Thanksgiving”; while, by contrast, the conflicts between the Pequots and the English urge them to antagonize each other, and even wage a war. In addition, the mystery of why the European settlers, including English, become the dominant power in American world, instead of the indigenous people, or Indians, can be solved from the examination of the relationship. In a variety of ways, the relationship drastically alters how people think about and relate to the aborigines. Politically, the relationship changes to establish the supremacy of the English; the English intends to obtain the land and rules over it. Socially, the relationship changes to present the majority of the English settlers; the dominating population is mostly the English settlers. Economically, the relationship changes to obtain the benefit of the English settlers; they gain profit from the massive resource in America. Therefore, the relationship does, in fact, change to foreshadow the discordance of the two groups of people.
In the mid 1800 there was a boom in sudar crops. It was hard for the Hawaiians to make sugar alone, so they took immigrants from other countries to help the Hawaiians but there was many struggles to in this years of boom.Plantation life in Hawaii in the 1800 was difficult. Living conditions in Hawaii were severely poor, working conditions were painful, and racism was treated unfairly.
unlawfully gained Hawaii as a territory due to one major contributing factor, the Spanish-American War. High tensions and treaties failing, the U.S. sought to use Hawaii as a strategic gain on Spanish, by creating a strong military base in the Pacific. “Advocates argued that Hawaii was needed to support American soldiers in the Philippines“(Moss 18). It is required for the people of the native land to consent to being annexed into a country by Joint Resolution, but nevertheless, the appropriate procedures were ignored. These procedures were not met because of the potential economic, strategic, and imperial gain. After illegally annexing Hawaii by Joint Resolution and violating the U.S. Constitution, Hawaii ultimately became a controlled point in the U.S.’s stride for imperialism
In 1848, An event called the “Mahele” changed the traditional Hawaiian system of land tenure from communal use to private ownership (Kameeleihiwa 3). Events in the past of Hawaii, like the Mahele of 1848, left a devastating mark in Hawaii’s history; It helped eventually lead to the overthrow of the monarch and still affects today’s problems in Hawaii.
The Great Mahele was a land division in the Hawaiian Islands made by King Kamehameha the Third. The Mahele came about, because the foreigners wanted ownership of land, to start stores and businesses in sugarcane. Foreigners believed that land gave that person power and was a right. The Hawaiians thought the land was owned by the gods The land commission tried to keep the land away from the foreigners, but the foreigners were not satisfied with the small amount of land they were given. By the end of the Great Mahele, most of the land was given to the foreigners. The Great Mahele did not benefit the Hawaiians, because the landowners were not polite to the Hawaiians, and the Hawaiians could not receive the proper crops because of the unfair land division (Star Advertiser).
In the 1820’s Missionaries have been starting to visit Hawaii inspired by Henry Obookiah who the first Hawaiian Missionary. Henry Obookiah was a Hawaiian missionary that told the English about the Hawaiian religion and how it works, and it convinced the English to go and spread their religion. But not everything ended well according to the plan for the Hawaiians. People only notice the negative effects that the missionaries cause the Hawaiians to go through, but they miss the benefits that the missionaries gave the Hawaiians. Although the missionaries have brought negative effects to the Hawaiians, they also have given the Hawaiians some benefits with the new religion, new language, and new technology.
The people of Hawaii and other Pacific Island Nation groups have experienced great injustice from their colonial powers and the acts of imperialism. Lands were seized, cultural practices banned, language lost, and people were even forced to move away from their homes for the purpose of bomb testing. The United States and other countries abroad sent out representatives to do their work for them; in return their future actions would be justified in describing the Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders as savages that need to have wider powers enforced upon them; thus resulting in a tangled web of political mythologies.
The Great Mahele was a land division made by King Kamehameha III because he did not want to wage into a war. The Great Mahele allows the King, ali’i or chiefs, foreigners, and the makaainana to equally own land. However, the Hawaiians needed to pay taxes for their land, but because they could not pay their taxes their land was auctioned off. Afterwards, those with money (foreigners) was able to buy the land (Borreca). The Mahele did not benefit the Hawaiians because the Hawaiians did not get much of the land they had taken care of and foreigners had broken laws for the Hawaiians’ land.
How did the Polynesians find their way to Hawaii, over two thousand miles from any other land? Was it over population at home, or political turmoil? Whatever reason for leaving these people used amazing knowledge and skill of the ocean and of the sky to navigate them to this new land. They faced the unknown and braved into the wide-open ocean for long periods of time. The real focus in this paper is on the navigation techniques that they used in these voyages throughout the Pacific.
In the article Early Americans Helped Colonize Easter Island, the author discusses a theory that shows South American’s helped Colonize Easter Island before the Europeans. Easter island is located on the eastern side of Polynesia, and it is very remote. To begin, Easter Island was colonized by Asia, and migration began around 5500 years ago; however, Thor Heyerdahl thought otherwise. He theorized that the first colonizers of Easter Island came from Boliva, and he tested this theory through the Kon- Tiki Expedition. During this expedition, he successfully sailed a balsa wooden raft from Peru to Polynesia. Therefore proving that migration from Boliva to Easter Island was possible. Another scientist, Erik Thorsby discovered genetic evidence that