Jeremy Cronin’s poem “To Learn How to Speak” is a post-colonial text that deals with the issue of language and how language in itself is not ceaseless. In order to view this text critically, it is imperative that one has a clear understanding of what a Post-colonial text consists of. Post-colonial texts are critical analysis of the history, culture, literature and systems of address that are unique to the former colonies (Abrams 236-238). Colonies were able to gain power through spreading their Eurocentric views on the conquered colonies people. The idea was that there was the ‘occidental’ and the ‘oriental’ (Abrams 236-238). The occidentals were the colonisers whose views were superior to that of the exotic and inferior oriental. Moreover, post-colonial texts that are written in …show more content…
Language therefore is connected to a specific space and identity and enlightens the postcolonial situation. The structure of the poem has a free verse, there is no particular rhyme scheme and there is no distinction between stanzas. Additionally, the common themes that are displayed in the poem are typical of the types of themes that can be found in postcolonial texts. These are feelings of cultural and subjective hybridity, not belonging, displacement, unsettledness and alienation. There is also the themes of identity, national racial pride, imperialism, and tradition versus modernity. There are culturally specific words that are used throughout the text, these are Afrikaans words. Afrikaans was a medium of language in the Apartheid era in South Africa for approximately 46 years. The language was imposed on the colonised people of the land. The people were exploited and segregated based on their race which emphasises the national racial pride. There seems to be a significant overlap in the language used and the space described. Cronin has used cultural specific words like “kuil”,” “pan” and “fontein” to describe water features in the country with the colonised
In this free-verse war poem, the idea of 'journey' extends itself to cover both the physical and emotional aspects of the subject matter of the poem. Repetition and word
The poem follows a strict iambic tetrameter and stresses words such as “heartbreak”, “crimes”, “brutal”, “rape” and “murder” (51). The intensification of words that are associated with racism regularises and re-creates the emotion of ‘heartbreak’ due to brutality and crimes against a race. It should also be noted that although the poem follows a strict tetrameter it only deviates in two verses to a pentameter, that is, “I could tell you of heartbreak, hatred blind, I could tell you of crimes that shame mankind...” (51). This deviation indicates a need for change, a change from a society which ‘shames mankind’, with brutal crimes against a
Colonialism is the action of taking away a country’s people, political and economical power. In Jamaica Kincaid’s essay “On Seeing England for the First Time”, she uses numbers of rhetorical strategies to show her bitterness towards England, whose oppressive, pervasive influence took over her country’s identity, culture, and minds of nature. Kincaid uses repetition, symbols, and her tone to convey her attitude towards England.
Identity is portrayed similarly in “half caste” and “no problem” because they are both about race and their struggle to be acknowledged as a person. Both poets John Agard and Benjamin Zephaniah use language, for and structure to show the struggle.
The reader gets a rare and exotic understanding of a totally foreign and ancient culture experiencing the growing pains of colonial expansion during the British domination
The use of symbolism and imagery is beautifully orchestrated in a magnificent dance of emotion that is resonated throughout the poem. The two main ideas that are keen to resurface are that of personal growth and freedom. Furthermore, at first glimpse this can be seen as a simple poem about a women’s struggle with her counterpart. However, this meaning can be interpreted more profoundly than just the causality of a bad relationship.
She responds deeply to the past and present difficulties of her people – Aboriginal people because she identified with them. The brutal treatment of Aborigines and the sad loss of culture is confronting for her. It leads her to new values and speculations that the future can be positive. The context of her poems leads the reader to the new values and ideas about the values. She is trying to influence the people and society by telling the Aboriginal cultures and stories.
The poet gives the picture of the tension between the Aboriginal and western worlds, the aboriginal life left behind and new sad civilized life. There is a sense of
The text proceeds from analyzing each poem individually, and later draws parallels between the two. It tries to answer the questions whether the poems are a call to social irresponsibility, and if the object of the poem, the common man should be scorned or pitied. That the common man who is busy conforming to the norms of the state and the society has lost connection with his natural surroundings evokes sympathy for him. Materialism has subsumed his capacity to think to an extent that he cannot even decide whether he is free to do as he wishes – can he say no to enlisting for war? Or can he hold an opinion that did not coincide with the larger public?
The speaking literacy objective allows students to convey one’s thinking in complete sentences, which we did during our discussions about Invisible Man. During these discussions we were required to think of questions to ask the class in order to make us think a little bit deeper than we normally would, which is exactly what happened. Each student had a new and thoughtful question for each discussion, which would often cause an introspective discussion about not just the book, but sometimes our society. Thinking about what we were going to ask, caused us to carefully pick our words so that it would be not only comprehensible, but provocative. While reading Invisible Man, one of the questions I asked my classmates was, “Do you think it's possible
“Speak”, written by Laura Halse Anderson, was a novel that contained many lessons of great significance. The significance of the title itself explains how the protagonist, Melinda, battled with inner demons about if she should talk about her being raped over the summer, or if she should just keep it to herself. Silence plays a huge role in this novel. Melinda remained silent to others for majority of the book, but as a reader, I was exposed to her thoughts. Anderson (1999) writes, “The whole point of not talking about it, of silencing the memory, is to make it go away” (p. 80). This sentence alone explains Melinda’s reasoning as to why she kept quiet and the role silence played throughout the novel. She believed that if she did not talk about it, the memory would somehow be removed. I believe that Melinda also kept quiet because she was afraid no one would listen and they would not believe her. Truth played the role of relief in the novel. When Melinda finally found the
The theme for the book Speak is not to be afraid to say something when being attack. In the book Speak . Melinda had a secret that she hasn’t told anyone yet not even her parents. Melinda was raped by this boy named Andy Evan who she met at her Ex- Best Friend Rachel’s party.Melinda kept this burden all freshman year until the towards the end. Many people in real life go through the same things just like Melinda.
One characterization of poverty is the inability to meet the basic needs of the individual. One’s ability to succeed is drastically reduced when basic needs are not met. The diction of the poem largely contributes to the melancholic atmosphere as well as the idea of physical distress. When considering the communities of
Christopher Columbus was determined to find new trade routes to India and so, in 1492, after gaining permission he set out in order to accomplish this task. However, what Christopher Columbus would actually encounter was not new trades routes to India, but a whole “new” world. What exists, however, when you travel to a new country is the possibility of a language barrier between you and the native individuals. This barrier existed when Christopher Columbus first made contact with the native indigenous inhabitants. Luckily, letters from Columbus’s first voyage have survived, and have offered a look into his encounters with the different languages of the indigenous people. Through his accounts a question arises: how does Christopher Columbus describe language and communication is his late 15th century letters? In this essay, I will discuss how Columbus’s use and description of language and communication was a way to show superiority among those Indigenous people he encountered.
Numerous theories try to explain the process of language acquisition. These theories fall into one of two camps. The environmentalist (or connectionist) theory of language acquisition asserts that language is acquired through environmental factors (Halvaei et al. 811). Theorists in this camp believe that a child learns language by gaining information from the outside world and then forming associations between words and objects. The nativist (or rationalist) approach, on the other hand, asserts that it is innate factors that determine language acquisition. Noam Chomsky, often described as “the father of modern linguistics”, falls into this camp as he believes that speech is the result of hidden rules of language that are hidden somewhere in the brain (Rahmani and Abdolmanafi 2111). Steven Pinker, a colleague of Chomsky, is a renowned psychologist, cognitive scientist and linguist who discusses his own theories on language acquisition in his book Words and Rules.