To: The Executive/Legislative Leaders of Other Developing Nations
From: Jescelia Mitchell Delegate to 2014 Climate Summit
Date: 12 November 2014
Subject: Decisions and Commitments Made at 2014 Climate Summit
1. Context of Summit and Our Interests Upon Entering
The 2014 Climate Summit was completed in order to address the global issue of climate change and how all nations as a whole need to address the anthropogenic causes. The use of fossil fuels as an energy source is the major cause of the CO_2 emissions into the atmosphere. Figure 1 below shows the “World per Capita Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuels from 1980-2010 and it can be clearly seen how the developed nations have released more carbon into the atmosphere than the developing nations” (1). Figure 2 below shows the “cumulative CO_2 emissions from 1900-2010, where about three quarters of CO_2 that has been released into the atmosphere is from the developed nations” (1). This illustrates that the global issues that we are facing now are almost completely caused by the developed nations. For this reason it is observed, by all nations, that there are common but differentiated responsibilities when it comes to this issue since some nations are much more developed than others and have contributed to the majority of greenhouse gas emissions from 1900-2010. The reasoning for this climate summit is that without any changes being made to how the developed nations continue to use conventional energy sources and how the
In the last 100 years, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased, causing the Earth to warm by an average of 0.6 degrees celsius, largely a result of burning fossil fuels for energy, transportation, and land use changes increased for food production. The basic science is straightforward and climate researchers have shown that gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and others can trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, causing a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. Human activities such as industry, transport, energy generation and deforestation all produce these greenhouse gases. In the last 20 years, concern has grown that global warming is inevitable and now considered most probably caused by man-made increases in
Dr James Hansen’s argumentative essay, “A Solution to the Climate Problem,” discusses his premise that it is imperative for humankind to deal with carbon dioxide emissions, which he believes needs to be phased out by the mid-21st century. He begins with the current paradigm in government efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and claims that so far it has been a lot of talk and action in the other direction. Dr Hansen argues that while governments pay lip service to agreements such as the Kyoto Accord, they are going full steam ahead with projects that will result in increased carbon dioxide emissions, such as going forth with coal-fired power plants, coal-to-liquids, hydraulic fracturing, and tar sands oil extraction. Dr Hansen believes
In the world today there are talks about why and how the people of this planet are polluting the rivers, lakes, soil, and even air. With these talks countries are coming up with great ways to reduce this problem. They see the effects and they are happy and life goes on but there is another problem, the one the everyday people just can’t solve with their own hands, that problem is the theory of global warming. During December of 1997, a meeting in Kyoto, Japan, started a huge trend to try to improve the world’s greenhouse gas releasing which could cause an unnatural shift in climate throughout the world. This meeting was called the Kyoto Protocol and about thirty- eight industrialized
Greenhouse gases are accumulating and the dominant cause seems to be the “fossil-fuel-based human economy” (Goodland 604). Greenhouse gases are accumulating in the atmosphere and fast; greenhouse gases include the release of carbon dioxide from burning coal, natural gas, and
Gary Stix calls to Americans to halt global warming. The world is changing and not for the better, he writes “The Debate on Global Warming is Over” (Stix 46). CO2 levels are higher than they have been in 650,000 years and are projected to only increase at an exponential rate. No one knows exactly when and what will happen, but all scientist can agree that it won’t be good. Making a difference in the fight against global warming will require a massive alteration in the entire world’s energy economy. Fossil Fuels account for 80% of the world’s energy and if a “carbon budget” is put into place then they will be ineffective (Stix 47). We need to begin to make a shift towards more renewable sources of energy, and adopt a system to help regulate the total amount of emissions. These programs will give us a head start on lessening the effects of global warming, but the
The International Energy Agency’s (IEA’s) preliminary estimate of energy-related CO2 emissions in 2015 reveals that emissions stayed flat compared with the year before, whereas the global economy grew (3). The IEA noted that “There have been only four periods in the past 40 years in which CO2 emission levels were flat or fell compared with the previous year, with three of those—the early 1980s, 1992, and 2009—being associated with global economic weakness. By contrast, the recent halt in emissions growth comes in a period of economic growth.”
Last month, the United States of America and fellow global powerhouse China reached a deal to incorporate more non-fossil fuel energy into their total energy consumption. Through this deal, greenhouse gas production will be cut by up to 26 percent in America, lowering our levels to somewhere around 28 percent of the levels experienced in 2005 (Samuelson). This plan has been hailed as a great first step, and it is likely that smaller countries will make similar emissions cuts. That being said, China and America currently combine for 42 percent of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide according to the International Energy Agency. The world still heavily relies on fossil fuels for about 80 percent of its energy. In order to solve this problem of moving to renewable resources without causing a global economic collapse, countries need to be prepared to make budget cuts in other areas. Weak agreements have been enacted with dates a few years down the road to change this degenerative process. However, with loose restrictions on the way each country will achieve this goal, the discussions feels, according to Climate Research Program Leader Myles R. Allen, like a lost cause. It simply is not enough. The United States of America should be taking stronger initiatives and setting the standards for the transition towards a greener tomorrow. These initiatives would benefit both the Earth and its inhabitants. To do this, the government should take this more active role, through
Global warming will in a foreseeable future increase the prevalence of climate-sensitive diseases, reduce agricultural productivity in developing countries, raising sea levels and alter ecosystems, forests, and biodiversity worldwide. Additionally, the indifference of the politicians in acknowledging the validity of global warming is alarming and detrimental on a global scale. As a result, the first oil shock took effect due to the dependability on imported fossil fuels, as well as lack of alternative energy sources. Surprisingly, in the early 21st century, Americans continue to rely heavily on foreign oil instead of transitioning to sustainable renewable energy sources. Furthermore, the economic and social progression must factor in the environmental
Climate change, specifically in reference to C02 Emissions released by human use of fossil fuels and their consequential effects on the environment, is perhaps one of the most pressing issues we, not just as Americans, but as human beings face in our lifetimes. Though it may sound like a sensationalist statement the facts are hard to deny. In May of 2013, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Climate change is a major problem worldwide, the actions of one country inevitably have an impact on the rest of the world, some places more than others. Consequently, it is vital for the entire world to be on board with efforts to resolve the issues. The main cause of “climate change” is an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, both naturally occurring and man made, cause the earth’s average temperature to slowly rise. Especially in the past 50 years, the rate of deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels such as gas, oil and coal have significantly increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere (Climate Change and Health). Efforts from a few countries, although beneficial can not fix the problem
An increased use of solar and wind power will lower the amount of carbon dioxide released into the air. To ensure healthy future generations society must safely dispose of 200 billion tons of carbon (213). So that we stop damaging the environment, we should collaborate with other countries to stop emitting harmful gases into the atmosphere. One example of this would be all countries working together to put safer jet fuel emissions into the air. To solve this crisis we need to acknowledge that “trees, maids, education, governance, [and] economic development” are all interconnected” (298). While more developed countries use more resources, underdeveloped countries use a lesser amount of resources in more environmentally harmful ways. Furthermore, every nation must acknowledge that pollution knows no physical
The climate change impacts of greenhouse gases threaten the economic development and environmental quality. These threats indicate that all nations regardless their economic growth should work collaboratively to reduce the emission to a certain level. Hare et al. (2011) argued that “climate change is a collective action problem” thus requires a global coordination from all countries. This indicates that actions from several countries would never be sufficient to address the climate change problem. If a global target to limit warming to 2°C or below is about to achieve (UNFCCC 2010, p.4) a broad range of participation is required (Hare et al., 2011). However, the increasing complexity of negotiation processes is inevitable. Each country will pursue its own interests during the
What will kill the Earth faster, terrorism or global warming? Humans are imperfect beings, that create nasty messes and it’s hurting the planet. Now, humans are faced with the responsibility of cleaning up their mess. The question is, are humans capable of facing terrorism and global warming at the same time? USA Today’s article “Why Paris Climate Talks Matter: Our View” argues that the world can fight these two issues at once because of the difference between them. However, Marc Morano disagrees in his article: “U.N. Accords Can’t Control Climate: Opposing View”. Marc Morano’s argument lacked a true purpose on overcoming the topic issues. Instead Morano talked about the connection of the issues and his belief that the U.N. can’t be trusted. USA Today developed a more successful argument than Marc Morano because it's purpose was more clearly displayed and it used stronger logic and ethos.
Global warming has been a controversial topic for years and some have even denied its existence; however, as more studies are being published every day in regards to our changing climate, it is hard to ignore this growing issue and how humans contribute to it. The term greenhouse gases refers to the group of gases that are primarily responsible for global warming and chief among these gases is carbon dioxide. Rising carbon dioxide levels can be attributed to a combination of burning fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum as well as deforestation in general ( Source A). To slow the effects of global warming, it is important for leaders in our society to consider their greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide, and make
On December 12 of 2015, 195 countries made history by committing to the first truly global international climate change agreement (Paris Agreement, 2015). This agreement took place in Paris and was adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The outcome of the Paris Conference on Climate Change was described as “revolutionary” (Venezuela) “marvelous act” (China) and as “a tremendous collective achievement” (European Union) that introduced a “new era of global climate governance” (Egypt) while “restoring the global community’s faith of accomplishing things multilaterally” (USA) (Paris Agreement, 2015).