DERIVATIVES & RISK MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT – II
By: ATTIKA RAJ, ROLL NO: MS10A009, MBA- 2012 BATCH, DOMS, IITM
2/21/2012
I. Case Analysis – Risk management Policy of Lufthansa Submitted in Assignment 1
II.
Case Analysis: Commodity Market Derivatives
Case Solutions: 1. Discuss the risk exposure of Amarnath hedge fund. Ans: The Amaranth hedge fund was exposed to following risks: a. Market risk: The risk that occurs from the volatility of investment returns b. Liquidity risk: It measures the degree of difficulty in exiting a given trading position c. Funding risk: It measures the extent to which they were able to meet margin calls on their natural gas position d. Capacity risk: The risk due to putting too much money into one
…show more content…
Exercise (assignment) will result in the delivery (payment) of cash on the business day following expiration.
b. Eligible for market offset against conventional options on the same underlying index if some conditions are met. c. Eligible for portfolio margin accounts. d. Offers unique price discovery mechanism through competitive auction process which is not obligatory on the participants. e. Offers price transparency f. All FLEX options are quoted publicly daily. Quotations are easily accessible via standard quote systems like Bloomberg or Reuters g. Lower liquidity risk as there is a secondary market h. Low counterparty risk i. FLEX option offer, like over-the-counter options, the benefit of fine-tuning option strategies according to some target trading objectives. Example to create zero-cost collars, synthetic positions with lower market impacts. 3
Risks associated in terms of trading FLEX options are: a. Highly volatile: As it expires on almost any day, therefore, the volatility brought by the scramble can happen anytime to avoid loss or to solidify gains. Thus prices move at any time. b. Unpredictable ramifications: when market is bullish participants gain and hence do not complain but if market is bearish, losses made by the players could be huge leading to breakdown in the system. c. Not fungible with standard listed index d. The expiration date cannot be the 3rd Friday of the month or two-business days date
The derivatives program was reducing risk when the firm was investing in foreign currency futures for the first four months from the implementation date (February 1991 to May 1991). This is seen by the negative correlation of (0.94226594) between the derivative (futures) cash flow and the unhedged cash flow. A purpose of a perfect hedge is to obtain a net of zero or in other words, reduce your risk to nothing not including the cost of the hedge. If a correlation is negative, as it was for the first three
10. The current price of silver is $750. Storage costs are $8 per ounce per quarter payable in advance. The interest rate is 12% p.a. with continuous compounding. Calculate the futures price of silver for delivery in six months (to two decimal places).
Identify the potential risks which affect the company and manage these risks within its risk appetite;
Derivative contracts were either negotiated with specific counterparties (over-the-counter) or were standardized contracts executed and traded on an exchange. Negotiated over-the-counter derivatives were comprised of forwards, swaps, and specialized options contracts. Over the counter derivatives can be tailored to meet the customers’ needs with respect to time and quantity and they are not traded in an organized exchange. On the other hand, standardized exchange-traded derivatives consisted of futures and options contracts. Even though over-the-counter derivatives were usually not traded like securities in an exchange, they might be terminated or assigned to an alternative counterparty. Standardized derivatives trade on an exchange and have time and quantity that are fixed.
2. Describe the risk associated with making an investment in an international growth fund. Identify the risks that would be common to domestic an international funds, and those risk that would be unique to an international fund.
Risk recognition and management are vital to the operation of this company (BHP Billiton 2015, p.20). According to the previous financial activities, there several significant risks influence BHP Billiton, which are commodity risk, foreign exchange risk, interest risk, transportation risk and sustainability risk.
Explain why investors may be attracted to high-risk investments such as exchange-traded derivatives, global funds, and other complex investment vehicles.
When coming up with an investment plan one has to assume the risks as this helps better tackle and consider every possible risk present. We have already been informed that the risk taking index for our client is 0.05.
CALCULATOR SECTION 1. For find at the point (3, 4) on the curve. A. B. C. D. E. 2. Suppose silver is being extracted from a mine at a rate given by , A(t) is measured in tons of silver and t in years from the opening of the mine.
But, even though the possibility of winning exists, the company is exposed to a greater risk if it does not hedge. Moreover, the policy of the company is to ensure against the risk, not to speculate on the foreign exchange market.
Established in January 1999, Pine Street Capital (PSC) was a market-neutral hedge fund that specialized in the technology field, facing market risk and trying to decide whether and which way to use in order to hedge equity market risk. They choose technology sector because the partners of PSC felt that they have enough ability to evaluate this sector and specially be good at picking out-performing stock. Short-selling of NASDAQ and options hedging strategy are the two major hedging choices for PSC. Either strategy has its own advantages in different economic periods and conditions. The fund has just through one of the most volatile periods in NASDAQ 's history, and it was trying to decide whether it should continue its risk management
3. The balance due hereunder shall be mailed within ten working days following the performance.
1. Flexibility saves resources - can prevent unnecessarily repeating planning, spending, and using resources such as time, money, workforce, to follow the traditional ways to do things done.
In their research study, Souder & Myles (2010) identify that risk is chiefly fundamental to investing. Böhringer & Löschel (2008) further add that there is no discussion of returns or performance that is deemed meaningful in the absence of at least some mention of the involved risk. However, the trouble for investors, who have just entered into the marketplace, involves the process of figuring where risk really lies, as well as what the difference between the various levels of risks. Relating to the manner, in which risk is fundamental to investments, a significant number of new