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Descartes Ontological Argument Essay

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In philosophy of religion, one of Descartes’s most famous arguments is his Ontological proof for the existence of God. It is a proof that one can know God a priori, with no experience whatsoever. Countering Descartes, a philosopher named Caterus raised key objections to his proof, which Descartes later responded to in an intriguing way. Descartes’s reply to Caterus’s critique of the Ontological argument does not properly refute the objections made. Descartes’s Ontological argument begins with the idea of that which is clearly and distinctly known must be true. Following from that, he states that because one clearly and distinctly perceives God as a being with all perfections and because existence is a perfection, God must exist. Further, …show more content…

Caterus writes, “This complex “existent lion” includes both lion and the mode existence; and includes them essentially, for if you take away either it will not be the same complex” (Descartes, 2009, p.86). Further in his writing, Caterus shows that although something may possess the mode “existing”, that mode only applies if the object itself already exists. In defense of this argument, he states that although God can clearly and distinctly perceive an “existent lion”, God is in no way required to make that lion exist. Likewise, one cannot prove the existence of God without first showing that God already exists (Descartes, 2009, pp.86-7). This refutation that Caterus raises plays a key role in defeating Descartes’ preemptive defense of his own argument. With this logic, Caterus shows that existing, as a property, even as an essential property, does not equate to necessary existence. Throughout Caterus’s critique, many strong objections are raised, and it is when Descartes attempts to respond that the argument falls apart. Descartes fails to properly refute any objections raised by Caterus, or solidify his case. To begin his response, Descartes (2009) begins by contrasting St. Thomas’s argument and his own. In this contrasting, he states that his argument is not subject to the criticisms St. Thomas’s argument is, due to the different wording used (p.87). I believe, however, that Caterus was not attempting to directly say the arguments were identical. Caterus even

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