Diagnostic And Statistical And Manual Of Mental Disorders Essay

Before answering the question we need to understand what DSM-5 is it is shortened from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of mental Disorders and the five shows how much it has changed over the years. This classification wouldn’t be possible without Emil Krapelin who developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behavior which helped form the first DSM. The DSM-5 list approximately 400 mental disorders each one explains the criteria for diagnosing the disorder and key clinical features and sometimes describes features that are often times not related to the disorder. The classification is further explained by the back ground information such as: research finds, age, culture, gender trends, and each disorder’s prevalence, risk, course, complications predisposing factors, and family patterns. The DSM-5 is the only one of the editions that seeks both categorical and dimensional information as part of the diagnosis, rather than categorical information alone (Comer, 2013, pp.100). Now that we know what DSM-5 is we need to know what categorical information and dimensional information mean. Categorical information refers to the name of the disorder indicated by the patient’s symptoms. An example of this would be when a clinician must decide if a patient is showing

Major depressive disorder, we all have probably heard of it, but do we really know what is it is ? Major depressive disorder is “a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest… major depressive disorder or clinical depression, affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems”(Mayo Clinic Staff). Having this disorder puts you in a very unstable position because you are constantly feeling depressed so it affects the way you think and feel and that can be very dangerous. Sometimes this happens to a person for one day, but put yourself in the shoes of someone who experiencing this for more than two weeks? When you have major depressive disorder, the signs of depression disorder can last for two weeks or more(myers646). This dis order must be treated immediately because “depression may make you feel as if life isn 't worth living”(Mayo Clinic Staff). Feeling this way can lead you to doing things that you can not take back such as committing suicide and sadly that can happen when you have major depressive disorder. Kiyohara and Yoshimasu conducted a research that showed that 90% of suicides have were dealing with major depressive disorder(qtd. in The World Health Organization). Throughout this paper I will be discussing the causes, symptoms and treatment when dealing with major depressive disorder.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), “the essential feature of

The DSM diagnostic process can be broken down into six essential steps. Step one consists of ruling out Malingering and Factitious Disorder. Step two entails ruling out a substance etiology. Step three involves ruling out an etiological medical condition. Step four consists of determining the specific primary disorder(s). Step five comprises differentiating Adjustment Disorder from the residual Other Specified and Unspecified conditions. Step six involves establishing the boundary with no mental disorder. These six steps provide a diagnostic framework for clinicians to diagnose clients accurately.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).Arlington, VA: Author.

Operational criterion, such as the DSM V and ICD 10, were initially developed back in the 1970s to initially help save psychiatry (Slade 2002). Now it is ironic, enabling the course to a better understanding and complex knowledge of brain and mind disorders.

In recent debates DSM IV have been criticized before now; therefore, DSM-5 will also endure the discouragement of the further testing that concerning mental illness among many patients. Therefore, we must continue the push the scientific data that explains the occurrence that are found in testing.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

According to my research, (“Diagnostic and statistical,” 2016), “the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is the [newest] standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States” and the DSM IV-TR (Text Revision), is the version was last edited before. All DSM manuals will include a list the American Psychology Association deem a mental illness. One of the major difference between the two editions is the use/lack of use of the multiaxial or multidimensional approach to diagnosing. During the use of the DSM IV-TR, five major dimensions in the client’s life were to be considered when applying the correct diagnosis for the individual. According to an online review, the five axis that were previously used included: Clinical Syndromes, Developmental Disorders and Personality Disorders, Physical Conditions, Severity of Psychosocial Stressors, and Highest Level of Functioning (Heffner, C., 2016). Also Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5 (2013), offers a general outline of the revisions/differences that can be seen from changing DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, some specifics that are mentioned include changing terminology that is used. For example, “the phrase ‘general medical condition’ is replaced in DSM-5 with ‘another medical condition’ where relevant across all disorders” (“Highlights of changes”, 2013, p. 1). Additional differences that arise between the editions include the amount to symptoms that are needed for diagnostic requirement. For example, when diagnosing for schizophrenia the DSM-5 included that the individual must display two (rather than one according to the DSM-IV) Criterion A symptoms to be schizophrenic and at least one of them have to include positive symptoms such as: delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech (“Highlights of changes, 2013, pp. 2-3). Many other tedious changes such as these have occurred in many other areas of diagnosing as well, but that

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) identifies ten distinct personality disorders and groups them into three clusters which are established by “descriptive similarities” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 645). While grouping these personality disorders into three clusters often proves to be useful for educational and research purposes, this system “has serious limitations and has not been consistently validated” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 645).

In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) was listed as a loss of interest in daily activities, impaired social, occupational, and educational functioning, and at least 5 of the specific symptoms to appear everyday. These specific symptoms include a

Agoraphobia is derived from the Greek words agora, meaning “gathering place” or “assembly” which was used to describe a city’s marketplace, and phobia meaning “fear.” It literally means "fear of the marketplace." Carl Westphal first coined the term “agoraphobia” in 1871 to describe people who were afraid of large open spaces. Since then, the definition of agoraphobia has been modified and continues to develop as more research is done. (Barlow, 2002, p. 328) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) defines the essential trait of agoraphobia as "marked, or intense, fear or anxiety triggered by the real or anticipated exposure to a wide range of situations." (p

The first step taken to preserve the future of professional counseling, identity, and education program requirements, the structure and tools used in assessing needed health care were reviewed: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) and the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) (Smith, 2012). According to the National Center for Health Statistics (2006), the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is a medical classification system that uses codes to differentiate disease and symptoms. Published by the World Health Organization [WHO] (2011), the ICD is used globally for diagnosing,

First, M. B. (2010). Paradigm Shifts and the Development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Past Experiences and Future Aspirations. Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry, 55(11), 692-700.

DSM is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual it is used by mental health professionals to provide a clear and concise diagnostic description for a variety of mental disorders. There are five axes, and each is assigned to a different mental disorder. The five axes are: Axis I, Axis II, Axis III, Axis IV, and Axis V. Each category of DSM IV provides mental health professionals with a description that assists in the determining if someone is or is not suffering from a disorder. With every diagnosis manual there is advantages and disadvantages. Some of the disadvantages are over-diagnosis, and confusing mental disorders with everyday problems. On the other hand, diagnostic manuals can have its advantages some of them are reliable diagnosis and create accurate and effective treatments for those that suffer from different mental disorders. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual has its weakness and benefits, but when used correctly it can make mental health professional jobs easier and more accurate when it comes to treating or classifying their patients.