Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is a controversial chemical that has been adopted for use by African Heads of State and Government in attempt to treat victims of the disease malaria. In the past, DDT was widely used during World War II as a means of treatment for malaria among civilians and soldiers; later, farmers started using DDT as an agriculture insecticide. American biologist Rachael Carson wrote about the consequences of using DDT on the environment as well as public health, and her work, The Silent Spring, sparked the environmental movement; not long afterwards, DDT was banned from agricultural use in the United States, but was still commonly used to control malaria.
Using DDT on humans entails genotoxicity and endocrine disruption.
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This also causes the attempt to use DDT to treat malaria seem futile. The World Health Organization’s campaign in stopping the spread of malaria with DDT in the 1950s and 1960s was effective until the disease emerged again; the reappearance of malaria in the late 1960s came when the campaign was stopped to save money, although experts linked it to inept leadership and management, and inefficient funding for malaria control programs. In Sri Lanka, mosquitos developed resistance to the chemical, inducing the country to use malathion instead.
Various global research experts recommend that DDT not be used as the first choice to treat malaria, due to its adverse effects. Many donor agencies that African countries depended on avoided funding for DDT, leaving countries the options of abandoning its use or losing aid from donors. The United States Agency for International Development is an exception, although the agency did not fund the use of DDT in the
A positive consequence of DDT is its effectiveness, even in the face of pesticide resistance in the anopheles mosquito. The eradication of malaria in the United States and the health of US Soldiers while fighting in World War II can be greatly credited to the use of DDT
Throughout his essay, Suzuki supports his arguments with specific examples. To justify his reasoning, the author uses the case of DDT, otherwise known as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. This chemical compound is used as an insecticide to eliminate the population of malaria-carrying mosquitoes, which it did effectively, and saved millions of lives. Unfortunately, due to unforeseen circumstances, complications arose, which led to an increase in chemicals and caused a domino effect of
Rachel Carson is considered one of America's finest science and nature writers. She is best known for her 1962 book, Silent Spring, which is often credited with beginning the environmental movement in the United States. The book focussed on the uncontrolled and often indiscriminate use of pesticides, especially dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (commonly known as DDT), and the irreparable environmental damage caused by these chemicals. The public outcry Carson generated by the book motivated the U.S. Senate to form a committee to
The following involves the second chapter of Carson’s book, Silent Spring that was written in 1962. In this chapter Carson argues persuasively the adverse impacts of pesticides upon the environment and the risks on human health and the environment associated with these “genetic invaders” (Carson, 1962). Many of the extremely diverse people from Carson’s audience targeted were under the impression that chemicals like DDT, at that time in history, were safe for their health. Carson reconciles and attempts to persuade the public to consider the idea that DDT, which in the 1950s and 60s was one of the many chemical pesticides being manufactured and sold to
DDT is a very controversial product… but why? DDT was a pesticide used in the 1950s and it was very effective at killing mosquitoes. This was good because mosquitoes carry a very deadly disease called malaria. But soon the government banned its use in the USA. It supposedly has been decreasing the populations of bald eagles. They think that it makes the eggshells thinner, so when the eagle it trying to keep the eggs warm it might break the eggs on accident. Many people are happy about this ban and others are not. Some researchers feel that evidence supports a ban on DDT while others feel that it is an over reaction to an environmental concern. DDT has been shown to help control the malaria parasite. Evidence supports the banning
One reason why DDT should not be used is because of its harmful effects on humans. First, research had shown that the consumption of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) had caused many people to contract many dangerous diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, kidney and ovarian diseases. Studies had also linked the use of DDT to be a carcinogenic, causing breast cancer in women. A study of 9,300
The use of pesticides is an important decision that thousands of communities face each year. Nobody likes dealing with mosquitos and the diseases they bring so using chemicals and pesticides is an option but with other consequences. Mosquitos carry West Nile Virus that affects the city of Genericville every year with 50 cases projected this year in the city and two fatalities as well. On the other hand, the chemicals proposed for controlling the mosquito population has its own risks. The pesticide Malathion is also dangerous to people if they come in contact with it before it degrades. The potential for citizens of the city being exposed is almost a certainty
When DDT became available for civilian use in 1945, there were only a few people who expressed second thoughts about this new miracle compound. One was nature writer Edwin Way Teale, who warned, "A spray as indiscriminate as DDT can upset the economy of nature as much as a revolution upsets social economy. Ninety percent of all insects are good, and if they are killed, things go out of kilter right away." Another was Rachel Carson, who wrote to the Reader's Digest to propose an article about a series of tests on DDT being conducted not far from where she lived in Maryland. The magazine rejected the idea.
1. DDT stands for Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane. It was commonly used a pesticide and it was also one of the first chemicals used widespread all over the world. It was created and used to try and end malaria and other insect-borne human diseases, and it had great effects in doing so. Also, it was commonly used for control in livestock production in agricultural areas. Although the broad use of DDT worked effectively in achieving the goal to slow down malaria, it created many controversies about the use of the common pesticide.
In the book Silent Spring, Rachel Carson’s main concern is the widespread use of synthetic pesticides and their impact on the environment. Carson concentrates on a commonly used pesticide in the 1950s called DDT. She opposes the indiscriminate spraying of DDT because it has profound consequences on the environment, humans and animals. Carson collected information about how the DDT can cause cancer in humans, harm animals such as birds and remained in the environment for long periods of time. Subsequently, the chemicals in the pesticides are extremely harmful so she tries to raise awareness and convince others that there are better alternatives.
DDT or dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane was a insecticide used a lot during world war 2 for killing insects that carry disease. This chemical was dispersed into environments and it would stick onto the feet of certain insects and kill them as a result. It was developed in the 1940s to mainly prevent lice infections for soldiers because they had to wear the same pair of clothes when in battle. This lice problem pertained to children as well and these people were treated with DDT. However, as time passed DDT was used in more large amounts, and later they developed airplanes to dump tons of DDT among forests. This caused birds and other consumers to either die or become ill, and birds exposed to DDT often produced soft shelled eggs. Humans
With all this focus on the development of new drugs to combat malaria, an old effective method has been forgotten. The chemical DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) has proven effective in reducing malaria cases. Popularly used as a pesticide in the middle of the twentieth century, killed the mosquito population that was responsible for malaria related deaths. The number of people in India that contracted malaria in the 1940’s was approximately 75 million a year with 800,000 dying as a result. With the introduction of DDT, the number of cases dropped to 50,000 by 1961. Similar cases have been documented in Sri Lanka, where the number of cases dropped in 18 years from 3 million to 29 after the introduction of DDT (“DDT Delirium,” 2002). The difference in numbers is staggering.
This eventually led to the ban of the chemical DDT, which was supposed to “kill insects”. Because it was colorless and tasteless, many animals and plants ingested this
About 3.3 billion people, that is about half of the world’s population are at risk of contracting malaria (figure 1). Every year there are 250 million cases of malaria, and nearly 1 million deaths. That amounts to 2,732 deaths per day. Out of those million people that die every year, 800,000 of them are African children under the age of 5. To control malaria three actions need to be taken: insecticides need to be used to decrease the vector population, people have to be educated as to how to prevent the vector from reproducing, and anti-malarial drugs need to be distributed. To understand the vector and what the vector is, scientists had to first discover what the parasite was and how it worked. It was not until the year 1880 that French Physician Charles Laveran discovered that Malaria was caused by a protozoan in the genus Plasmodium (Malaria, 2013)
While this program experienced success in some regions of the world with many nations showing sharp reductions in the number of new malaria cases, the program failed in its ultimate goal of eradicating the disease due to the emergence of drug and insecticide resistance as well as the discovery of the environmental and health effects caused by the toxicity of the principal insecticide being used; DDT. Elimination was most successful in temperate countries and malaria remains a major problem for tropical regions of the world, most especially sub-Saharan Africa (CDC).