Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport

2. Explain your observations in detail in terms of concentration gradient, diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure, passive transport, and active transport.

All around and inside cells, substances are continuously being moved back and forth across the cell membrane. At any time, a material can have a higher or lower concentration on one side of the cell membrane opposed to the other. The concentration is the amount of solute in a solvent. In which the concentration gradient means that there is more solute in one part of a solvent than another. A solvent is something that dissolves in a solute to create a solution; for example, when salt (solvent) dissolves in the water (solute) to make salt water (solution). There are several types of transport options for a certain substance, but it depends permeability of the membrane, which determines what moves in and out of the cell. The types of cellular transportation that they used were diffusion, osmosis and filtration. Diffusion is the movement of a material from an area of a higher concentration to a lower concentration, while osmosis is the diffusion of just water. Filtration is a passive transport that moves water and other materials across the cell membrane by a pressure from the cardiovascular system (Michener 2015). These are extremely important to the body, because without these transports our cells and organs could not get the nutrients they need nor get rid of the waste that is toxic.

Introduction: Passive transport occurs when substances move from high concentration areas to a lower concentration region. Both Diffusion and Osmosis are examples of passive transport, however, osmosis is when water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane. The plasma membrane, being a thin barrier to outside environment, is a selectively permeable membrane. Thus, it only allows certain particles to enter or exit the cell. A selectively permeable membrane is important because it protects the cell from certain materials that can potentially be toxic to the cell by not allowing the cell to diffuse uniformly; this means that not all particles can equally facilitate to the cell (encyclopedia ,n.d.). The movement of substance across a membrane is caused by two factors, their size and charge (Pearson Education, 2008). If a substance is small and nonpolar it can easily move but if it 's large and polar, it will have difficulty traveling across the membrane. For example, the selectively permeable membrane allows water, which is known as solvent, to move freely but prevents large molecules such as sugar molecules from passing through; the sugar molecules are known as solute (BBC, 2014).

1. Osmosis, Active transport, and Facilitated diffusion Osmosis: Osmosis is the facilitated diffusion of water across the cell membrane of a cell. The inside layer of the cell membrane is hydrophilic, meaning water cannot easily pass through the membrane. The cell membrane has to have aquaporins, which are water channel proteins, that move the water across the membrane. If there is a water and salt solution outside the cell, the salt can enter the cell by diffusion, but the cell membrane is not permeable to the water.

Introduction This lab report titled Introduction to Osmosis and explanatory reactions, was centered around the diffusion across a cellular membrane and how the blood reacted under different solutions concentrations. The diffusion and the osmosis are types of movement that a related to passive transport through the cell membranes. Diffusion is when a solute move from a high concentration area to an area where the concentration is lower. While Osmosis is the movement of water through membrane.

The objective of this lab was to learn how to identify diffusion and osmosis, through selectively permeable membranes. Diffusion is the process in which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. When water enters or leaves a cell, it is called osmosis, which is the same process as diffusion, but solely focused on water. Certain membranes allow only particular chemicals to pass. These are called selectively permeable membranes.

Diffusion occurs in various areas of the body whereas, humans will experience diffusion in the kidneys, lungs, intestines and many more places. Diffusion is the movement of molecules or ions from a higher to lower concentration; occurring because solutes moving are not evenly distributed. However to achieve this equilibrium, solutes will move down a concentration gradient. Resulting in facilitated diffusion which is a type of diffusion using carrier and channel proteins to carry out its functions being a passive transport. This is where molecules or ions cross from a high concentration to a low concentration only requiring membrane proteins.

Cells are always in motion, energy of motion known as kinetic energy. This kinetic energy causes the membranes in motion to bump into each other, causing the membranes to move in another direction – a direction from a higher concentration of the solution to a lower one. Membranes moving around leads to diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, until they are equally distributed (Mader & Windelspecht, 2012, p. 50). Cells have a plasma membrane that separates the internal cell from the exterior environment. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable which allows certain solvents to pass through

Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules or ions from an area of a higher concentration to an area where they are in lower concentration. The driving force for diffusion is kinetic energy. The speed of diffusion is influenced by the molecular, temperature, bumping & bouncing off each other creating equilibrium in the molecules. The atoms & molecules are the building blocks of cells. Cells have selectively permeable membranes that only allow the movement of certain solutes or solutions. Diffusion is key to the functions in a cell. Diffusion helps to transport nutrients to cells in the body or plants. Water is an example of this movement like absorption of water into roots.

Molecule Properties that Allow Passive Transport Across the Membrane There are certain properties of a solute that affects how easily it can pass through the plasma membrane. In passive transport, all substances move from an area of high concentration to an area or low concentration which does not cause for the use of energy, also known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Diffusion and osmosis are two mechanisms of passive transport. Diffusion is the process in which small molecules compatible with the plasma membrane can pass from the extracellular fluid that is outside the cell to the intracellular fluid, cytoplasm inside the cell, easily and without guidance. Molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body pass through the cells of

Diffusion and osmosis are crucial processes in order to perform the experimental EEI. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of atoms, ions or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It typically occurs in gas and liquid molecules when the surrounding cell has a higher H2O concentration. The cell takes on or moves H2O with additional important molecules between other cells enabling the cell to grow or swell. Diffusion can occur through a cell membrane it allows certain molecules to pass through the cell with ease. While osmosis allows plants to

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The pictures below demonstrates a teabag being diffused in the water. As we can see in the first image the water is still clear but after fifteen seconds the water turns solid green. A cup of hot water will diffuse much faster and change the water's color quickly, whereas that same tea bag dropped in a cup of cold water will take longer to diffuse noticeably. When I first put the teabag in the water, the tea bag started to get soggy and the scent of the tea is spreading from the bag to the water. The water was infused with the tea’s color. The teabag acted as a cell membrane because it let the water into the teabag

Diffusion plays a big role in the process of gas exchange. In this context, diffusion is a movement of a gas from an area of a high concentration to a low concentration, until an equilibrium is reached. Diffusion allows an organism to obtain oxygen necessary for cells in order to stay alive. This in turn, can be affected by environmental factors such as temperature (high temperature means that the particles have more energy, so they diffuse faster), concentration of the gas (higher concentration means that there is a steeper diffusion gradient, so diffusion will be faster) and distance travelled (a smaller distance will cause a faster diffusion). Diffusion is a passive process, as it does not require energy

As molecules move about randomly at high speeds, they collide and bounce off one another, changing direction with each collision. For a given temperature, all matter has about the same average kinetic energy. Smaller molecules tend to move faster than larger molecules because kinetic energy is directly related to both mass and velocity (KE 1⁄2 mv2). When a concentration gradient (difference in concentration) exists, the net effect of this random molecular movement is that the molecules eventually become evenly distributed throughout the environment—in other words, diffusion occurs. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration. The driving force behind diffusion is the kinetic energy of the molecules themselves. The diffusion of particles into and out of cells is modified by the plasma membrane, which is a physical barrier. In general, molecules diffuse passively through the plasma membrane if they are small enough to pass through its pores (and are aided by an electrical and/or concentration gradient) or if they can dissolve in the lipid portion of the membrane (as in the case of CO2 and O2). A membrane is called selectively permeable, differentially permeable, or semipermeable if it allows some solute particles (molecules) to pass but not others. The diffusion of solute particles dissolved in water through a selectively permeable membrane is

Diffusion only occurs when there is a concentration gradient. This means when a particular type of molecule is not spread out at an even concentration, but either exists in a higher concentration. The concentration gradient in regards to the movement of molecules (except water) always moves from high concentration to low concentration. Diffusion across cell membranes can occur in three main ways. The way in which it diffuses is depended on whether the molecules are small or large, and whether the molecules have already been concentrated. When really small molecules appear they are able to fit into a protein channel that is in the plasma membrane. This process of crossing the membrane can occur either by passive transport of active transport. When molecules are too big to fit through any channels, then they enter the cells by moving in a vesicle or by pumping, and this process is called active transport. When a molecule is crossing the membrane through passive transport, it is doing this because no extra energy needs to be used to get the molecule across the membrane. However when active transport is occurring this is because extra energy needs to be applied. Active transport can be done in two different ways, either by using pumps or using vesicles. Active transport using pumps moves small molecules against the concentration gradient. This is why there is extra energy needed. The pumps push molecules from areas of low concentration to high