Direct And Indirect Taxation On African People

Social Upheaval and Low Self Worth was another one of the major impacts of the European commercial activities on West Africa. As a result of the slave trade through raids and trade, there is no doubt concerning the social ills that plagued Western Africa. Many Africans were betrayed by their own political leaders

To further evaluate Europe and Africa one could look at the economic consequences of European colonialism in Africa. There are several consequences to this subject. The two that seem the most important was the transformation of individual colonies into export-oriented

Prior to the arrival of the Europeans, people around the world lived with awful conditions, as they lacked more modern innovations. Such innovations included indoor plumbing, roads, and faster means of transportations (Hobson 103). With the Europeans introducing the native people to these types of inventions, it’s clear that positive development ensued, as only good can come from many things that the Europeans had brought with them. Especially in Africa, which came almost completely under European control in 1884 following the Berlin Conference, the territories developed for the better. Indoor plumbing, among many other things brought better sanitations, ultimately leading to less disease (Lynn). Developed roads and faster means of transportation, including steam boats to move goods from continent to continent, meant it was considerably easier to maintain international trade. With faster transportation, Africans were introduced to a number of products that had previously been unavailable, because of the length of time needed to ship them. They were also able to export goods, typically through the European nation that was controlling them, which brought in a new source of income (Said 114). Imperialism often did good for the people living in in areas that were significantly

terms of demography and territory in the Ethiopian state, were targeted for destruction, and instead forced to glorify the identities and cultures of the oppressive group (xxx, xxx).

Modern Slavery is when slaves are forced to work whilst they are owned by an “employer” usually because they have threatened them physically or mentally. There are different types of modern slavery, such as Bonded Labour which is when someone is tricked into taking a loan and working for that person to pay it off by they will never be able to pay it off because the employer will continue to make them work. Trafficking

The Atlantic slave trade had a negative effect on Africa because, it ruined the economy by draining them of their resources, caused a major plummet in the population of West Africa, and caused greed among the community.

The Transatlantic slave trade, a catastrophic event in the 15th to 19th century, affected millions of Africans and Europeans alike. Slaves were ripped from their homes and sent to the foreign lands, becoming the fundamental source of labour for mining and agricultural industries in the New World. Historians Hugh Thomas, Walter Rodney and John Thornton have contradictory beliefs about the effects of the Transatlantic slave trade on Africa. Thomas argues that the slave trade was beneficial to Africa, while Rodney argues a more negative position, claiming that the unequal trade lead to population loss and warfare. Thornton argues neutrally states that the slave trade “was simply an internal trade diverted to the Atlantic.” Although historians such as Hugh Thomas believe that the Transatlantic provided short-term economic stimulus to Urban Empires, the slave trade was overall detrimental, leading to economic consequences and social and political conflict. The African Slave trade, as stated by Hugh Thomas in “The Atlantic World in the Age of Empire” brought an influx of European goods and employment, providing a short-term benefit that was, in the long term, detrimental to the African economy. Contrary to John Thornton 's speculation of Europe and Africa’s partnership, Europe imposed economic dependency and involuntary trade on Africa, which deprived Africa of labor, impaired its development, and

International taxation is one of the most pressing global topics in the world today. Tax regulations was one of the most pressing topics in the recent United States presidential campaign. The reason that people are so concerned with taxation is because it affects many aspect of society. Taxes affect how much money employees are able to take home. The government is concerned with taxes because it is hoe it generates revenue to fund governmental programs. The Mariam Webster dictionary defines a tax as “a compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on workers ' income and business profits or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions.” Therefore, a tax is any contribution levied by a government for some types of transaction. In addition, taxes are not unique to any particular country. The type of taxes and tax rates that are utilized in countries may vary. However, every government in the world use taxes as a means of generating revenue in order to fund governmental activities. With the spread of globalization, countries were able to engage in business transactions with other countries across the globe. Therefore, major corporations began to conduct more business activities in other countries. As a means of regulating its counter trade and business global regulatory organization were established. Organizations such as the World Trade Organizations are designed to allow a uniform and fair trade among countries. However, a tax is

In addition to the impacts of the slave trade on the social history of Africa, there were also major impacts on the political history. Below, three major impacts of the slave trade on the political history of West Africa will be discussed. To begin with, an impact that the slave trade had on West Africa is that it made the area more susceptible to colonization by European powers. There were two main ways in which the slave trade made it easier for European powers to colonize; the ways are the loss of population and the use of slavery as justification for colonization. To start, the slave trade exported an estimated six million people from West Africa. Of those six million, the majority of them were strong, healthy males. The result of

In this essay, the issues for taxation of national tax sovereignty for income tax, corporation tax, value added tax and excise duties are discussed as well as an opinion as to whether sovereign nations should compete or co-operate on matters of tax policy. Sovereign nations have different tax rates and they tend to change with each tax year. The issues of direct and indirect taxes are numerous and this essay will discuss two major aspects of each using the recent issue of Scotland’s independence for major explanations. These are direct taxes such as Income tax and Corporation tax; indirect taxes such as Value Added Tax (VAT) and Excise tax.

Tax is any kind of requirement in the form of money or asset that is expected of an individual or a business entity by the governing authority. There are various types of taxations such as capital tax, individual tax and income tax among others (Simontacchi, 2007). The taxation issue has been a thorn to businesses and their owners, especially those who do international trade. This has affected the international businesses very much. As a result, the governments of those nations that allowed international trade decided to draft laws that regulate the issues of taxation.

Just as an egg will vary from hen to hen, so do tax systems from country to country. Each country has its own rules and principles to levy taxes from its citizens and foreigners to whom it conducts business in order to support its operations. South Africa is no different. When a country’s own people conduct business, or foreigners invest or trade within its domestic jurisdiction, it is necessary for the tax system to balance carefully its domestic and international economic objectives. It is essential to understand how the taxation system is applied to residents and non-residents in order to maximize one’s own benefits through adequate tax planning. In South Africa, the law determines the tax system through which the Commissioner must oversee/enforce. Among all the tax acts, the Customs Act 91 of 1964, The Income tax Act 58 of 1962, and the VAT Act 89 of 1991 are the most important ones. South Africa employs a residence-based system. This means that, except for certain exclusions; residents are being taxed on their worldwide income regardless of where their income was earned. In other words, a resident of a particular country will be subject to the taxes of that country. Where as in the United States, all citizens, even if they are not a resident, may be subject to their worldwide income. South Africa has not always employed a residence-based system. Before 2011, a source-based system was being used. Income is taxed in the country where that income originates,

(alternative version to first line “Just as an egg will vary from hen to hen, so do tax systems from country to country.”)

Tax has been variously defined over the years. These definitions, when looked at as a whole gives a more comprehensive picture of the phenomenon as opposed to a single definition. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the word ‘tax ' refers to a compulsory contribution to the support of government levied on persons, property, income, commodities, transactions, etc, now at a fixed rate mostly proportionate to the amount on which the contribution is levied. While this serves in crude terms to tell us what a tax is, it is however deficient in the sense that it does not reveal the purpose of taxation. We however find more scholarly definitions in decided cases. For instance, in MATTHEWS v. CHICORY MARKETING BOARD it was

Direct taxes are charged on the basis of residential status and not on the basis of citizenship. The assessee are charged based upon the following factors