Doxylamine Succinate

"The toxicology studies on blood reveal the presence alprazolam, and amphetamine at levels likely consistent with the therapeutic range, a metabolite of buproprion and a high level of fentanyl. Phenylpropranolamine and amphetamine are present in the urine. When fentanyl and alprazolam are taken together there may be a synergistic central nervous system depressive effect. Based on the history and circumstances, s currently known, the manner of death is accident."

An 59-years-old female patient got admitted to the ED due to head injury laceration, end up with 3 stiches. She stated she struck her head on the doorframe due to using IV cocaine. The patient complains of SOB, dizziness and her head hurt. The patient vital signs were T 97.8 – O2 96 – P70 and BP 114/76. One of the patient medications was Suboxone (, 1 tablet Sublingual.

This paper will demonstrate the author’s ability to prescribe safely from the Nurse Prescribing Formulary (NPF 2009-2011). A prescribing situation undertaken by myself while supervised by my mentor will be discussed. The patients name, address, date of birth and GP details have been changed to ensure patient confidentiality in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)(2004). The patient therefore will be referred to under the pseudonym Prince Charming.

Higher-than-recommended doses of some over the counter (OTC) cough syrups produce psychoactive (mind altering) effects in which cause them to be abused. Two commonly abused cough syrups include dextromethorphan and promethazine-codeine. Several OTC cold medicines contain dextromethorphan, a cough suppressant and expectorant. When taken in amounts exceeding the recommended dose, it may produce euphoria, dissociation and/or hallucinations. Whereas, promethazine-codeine contains codeine, an opioid that serves a role in cough suppression, as well as promethazine HCl, an antihistamine that produces sedation. When taken in higher-than recommended doses, it may produce relaxation and euphoria.

There has been a sharp and continued rise in the number of deaths related to prescription drug overdoses. Between the years 2004 and 2005, there were five Wyoming residents who died as a result of an accidental overdose of prescription pain medications. Consider the most recent

B’s tolerance to opiates not considered, Mr. B.’s clinical situation not considered (i.e., Mr. B’s age and renal function), and knowledge deficit of opiates. Drilling down the data to identify the root cause of Mr. B’s death is the fifth step in conducting a RCA on Mr. B’s sentinel event. Upon analyzing the data, causative factors, and events leading to Mr. B’s sentinel event, the RCA team determined that the root cause of Mr. B’s death is a medication error. Mr. B was given an overdose of hydromorphone. The final step in a root cause analysis is to implement changes that will mitigate the root cause. Changes include educating the nursing staff about hydromorphone, such as side effects and adverse reactions,

National Institution on Drug Abuse on Research and Report series Heroin stated that “[a]fter the initial effects, users usually will be drowsy for several hours; mental function is clouded; heart function slows; and breathing is also severely slowed, sometimes enough to be life-threatening. Slowed breathing can also lead to coma and permanent brain damage” (National Institute on Drug Abuse 3). This side effect is also can be seen as like soma in which the person drifts off to sleep for long periods of time. Including that both drugs take effect very quickly. Both soma and heroin have another major flaw it shortens the users lifespan. In a journal posted on Jama Network “Contribution of Opioid-Involved Poisoning to the Change in Life Expectancy in the United States, 2000-2015” stated

Most of the researchers on the drug monitoring unit, SAMHSA had mentioned that a major portion of the Ambien ER visits were of people who were already on other medications. Ambien, alone, was not triggering any severe side effects. However, the drug when coupled with other drugs or chemicals was able to trigger severe side effects that resulted in the spike of ER visits during that particular period. This is the principle of Drug interaction, where a certain drug that you take may change its properties based on the othermedications you take. This could amplify the risk associated with the drug, ultimately leading to serious side effects. Ambien, as a drug has severe interactions with other drugs, which are

In the United States, 40 people die across each day due to overdosing on narcotic prescription medicine. One of the most commonly abused prescriptions is opioids painkillers such as Vicodin and codeine. Another medicine to treat anxiety and sleep aids such as Valiums and Xanax. Other abused prescriptions are stimulants to treat Attention Deficit Hyper Disorder (ADHD) like Adderall and Ritalin. When the overdose first became a problem, 60 percent of NC prescription overdose victims were dying before the arrival of emergency medical

Simmonds (2015), implemented in England within National Health Service hospitals, proposed naloxone protocol to be used in adult patients, who are in need of respiratory rescue due to opioid use. In addition, the protocol is approved for the usage in immediate reversal of the effects of acute opioid overdose and or recreational usage. Simmonds proposed a step-by-step guide that started with the recognition of an unusually depressed level of consciousness and respiratory rate of fewer than eight breaths per minute in a patient. Immediately after recognition, oxygen administration at 12 L per minute

With the growing reliance on medication therapy as the primary intervention for most illnesses, patients receiving medication interventions are exposed to potential harm as well as benefits. Medicines have proven to be very beneficial for treating illness and preventing disease. This success has resulted in a dramatic increase in medication use in recent times. Unfortunately, this increase in use and expansion of the pharmaceutical industry has also brought with it an increase in hazards, error and adverse events associated with medication use.

As the war on drugs continues, more and more lives are being lost to opiate overdoses. Opiates are drugs that contain or are derived from the opium poppy plant. They can be legally prescribed pain medications such as OxyContin or Vicodin or illegal street drugs such as heroin. Whether these drugs are used legally or illegally, there is always the chance of an overdose if not used correctly. According to a 2014 press release from the Center for Disease Control (CDC), “in 2013 more than 16,000 deaths in the United States involved prescription opioids, and more than 8,000 others were related to heroin.”

Opioid drugs are some of the most widespread pain medications that we have in this country; indeed, the fact is that opioid analgesic prescriptions have increased by over 300% from 1999 to 2010 (Mitch 989). Consequently, the number of deaths from overdose increased from 4000 to 16,600 a year in the same time frame (Mitch 989). This fact becomes even more frightening when you think about today; the annual number of fatal drug overdoses in the Unites States now surpasses that of motor vehicle deaths (Alexander 1865). Even worse, overdose deaths caused by opioids specifically exceed those attributed to both cocaine and heroin combined (Alexander 1865).

This drug is used as an antidepressant. Anxiety, dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth, diarrhea, and weight gain or loss are common effects of the medications and with aging. But serious effects such as fever; seizures, tremors, chest pain, hepatic necrosis, renal failure, abnormal bleeding, and infection should be cautioned. The dosage of this medication should not be prescribed more than 40 mg daily. Monitoring for mental changes when taking this medication is needed. It should be cautioned to watch for a change in behavior from depression into a mental illness. If this occurs medical attention is needed. Nurses should also assess elderly patients taking diuretics for signs of suggesting syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic

Today, Naloxone is now being prescribed and dispensed to people at risk of opioid overdose. The number of overdose deaths has quadrupled since 1999. Statistics show that increased availability, relatively low price (compared to prescription opioids), and high purity of heroin in the United States is one of the reasons why death rates are so high. From 2000 to 2015, more than half a million people died from drug overdoses. Every day, approximately 91 Americans die from an opioid overdose. It is a proven fact that most people who are addicted suffer the most overdoses. Anyone taking drugs can suffer an opiate overdose, especially when they take more than prescribed or if they combine opiates with other CNS (Central Nervous System) depressants with alcohol. It's rare for someone to die immediately from an overdose, it's usually a very slow process that takes anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours. After you administer the Naloxone, it lasts between 30-90 minutes before the overdose begins to recur. Also, Naloxone can also cause an uncomfortable withdrawal feeling; This is because it blocks the action of opioids in the