Introduction
Living organisms have been classified by humans according to several different characteristics, one of them being the manner in which they obtain nutritive organic molecules (1), in other words, their food. Plants are denominated as autotrophs, organisms that can produce their own food from abiotic sources surrounding them, such as light, carbon dioxide and water (2). Plants use these three factors in photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy, which is then stored until the plant needs it, or used right away (3).
The process of photosynthesis takes place on organelles (substructures inside eukaryotic cells) called chloroplasts, more specifically, on the membrane of the thylakoids inside the chloroplasts,
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They were watered with normal tap water, placed next to the same windowpane for a week and monitored every day.
The cellophane secured with the rubber band created a seal that was too tight, preventing excess water from evaporating which overloaded the plants with water and deprived them of enough oxygen. Towards the end of the week, the plants were left covered by the cellophane, but unsecured by the rubber band so that the water was able to evaporate, to provide the dry mass of the samples, which were on average 0.06g lighter than at the beginning of the week, when they were planted . The mass measured included the seeds, soil and plastic container. Even though an unknown type of fungus started growing in the containers because of the high humidity and warm temperature, some shoots were visible (Table 1).
Cellophane Color Qualitative Data
Red Some oat and mustard shoots, fungus growth
Yellow Fungus growth, no shoots visible
Green Oat and some mustard shoots visible, some fungus growth
Blue Some oat and few mustard shoots, fungus growth
Clear Fungus growth, no shoots visible
These samples were discarded and a new method was devised:
A cardboard egg container was cut into fifteen separate segments (for the five
The experiment was begun by obtaining four 8 oz. Styrofoam cups and punching a hole through the bottom of them. This hole was for water entry or excess water drainage. Moistened soil was packed to the 1/2 full line in the cup along with 3 fertilizer pellets The cups were labeled the following: Rosette-H20, Rosette-GA, Wild-Type-H2O, and Wild-type- GA.(Handout 1) A small wooden applicator stick was obtained a moistened at the tip with water from the petri dish labeled ‘water.’ This was to be able to attract the seed to the applicator in order to place the seed from its original container into
The leaves of a plant are the main photosynthetic organs and are involved in gas exchange and water transportation throughout a plant (Evans et al, 17). A leaf typically consists of an upper and lower epidermis, the mesophyll cells, veins, guard cells and stomata. The mesophyll cells contains spongey cells which have large gaps between each cell to allow oxygen and carbon dioxide circulation. The mesophyll cells contain palisade cells, which are located beneath the upper epidermis. The palisade cells contain many chloroplasts, which are green organelles. Located in the internal layers of chloroplasts is the pigment chlorophyll which is involved in trapping the light energy in photosynthesis (Evans et al, 17).
All organisms can be divided into autothrops, which produce their own food, and heterothrops, which need to get their food from somewhere else.
In light reactions, light is absorbed by chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane and energizes the electrons. ATP is created from ADP and P. NADP accepts electrons and turns in to NADPH, which is energy. Once the light reactions have taken place, the light-independent, or ‘dark’ reaction occurs in the stroma, where CO2 is converted to sugar. The
The second step of the experiment was to soak the seeds in water overnight. This action was made to prepare the seeds for germination and making them more softer and less rigid. The seeds were placed in a bowl and were covered by tin foil. It was set up on the refrigerator to minimize any outside interference that may come to it. After a full night of absorbing the water, the seeds were ready to start the next stage.
Then he micro-centrifuge tube was placed into the water bath that was filled with 20°C water. 2 cm of the tube was sticking out of the top of the water bath. Then the oxygen sensor was placed, and tightly sealed into the test tubes opening. Then the walls of the water bath were completely covered with aluminum foil. This was to insure no light could reach the leaf.
Methods: The experiment that was being tested was the germination of soybeans, the non-germination of soybeans and glass beads. First three vials were marked 1, 2 and 3. Then a small wad of dry cotton was placed into the bottom of the three vials.
The experiment began by undergoing a hand washing with antibacterial soap for a minimum of 90 seconds and thoroughly drying them. Afterward, six (6) Bolder paper towels were taken and torn at the perforated line. An individual towel was then folded 3 times [See figure one (1)]; This step was repeated five (5) more times. Then sixty (60) pea seeds were counted out and separated into ten (10) equal groups. The pea seeds when observed had a shrivels like coat with a dull army green color. Next was to measure the length of the sixty (60) seeds and then calculate the average by adding up all the measurements then dividing the sum by sixty (60); this was recorded in a table provided [See figure two (2)]. Then the folded paper towel was taken and one group (10) of pea seeds
All seeds were exposed to the same amount of temperature and light as they were all kept in the same location at the same times
On the first day, four Styrofoam cups were obtained, and with the use of a pencil, holes were punched in the bottom of each of the cups in order to provide the plants with water. Cups were labelled in sequence: rosette-water, rosette-gibberellic acid, wild-type-water, and wild-type-gibberellic acid. Each cup then received approximately one inch of moistened soil. Following the addition of soil, 3 pellets of fertilizers were placed in each of the cups. Then, an additional inch of soil was placed over the pellets in each of the cups. Once the soil was settled, seeds were added to the cups. There were two types of seeds: rosette Brassica rapa seeds and wild-type Brassica rapa seeds.
Before proper tests can be performed, the most important aspect to laboratory procedures are aseptic techniques. These techniques are crucial to ensure that no contamination occurs during the culturing process (1). Although the exact steps may vary depending on the media and type of transfer, the main components of the aseptic techniques
For all living organisms including plants, respiration is the process of converting chemical energy into a usable form of energy (Biol 171L Lab 7). Even if an organism does not have an energy source, they will keep respiring. For autotrophic plants, the process of obtaining energy is called photosynthesis. It harvests solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water to form a usable form of energy (Tanaka 2009). The factors that go into this process includes the pigment the plant possesses, and the intensity, wavelength, and direction of the light. Plants that contain the pigment chlorophyll-a are the ones we see as the leaves of common trees, or grass.
Plants are autotrophs that mean they are able to synthesize food directly from inorganic compounds, instead of relying on other organisms. They use carbon dioxide gas and water to produce sugars and oxygen
A plant is any of the boundless number of living beings within the biological kingdom Plantae, these species are considered of low motility since this species generally generate their own food by sunlight. They incorporate a large group of commonplace life forms including trees, forbs, bushes, grasses, vines, plants, and greeneries. In this task we are experimenting the relationship between light and plant growth by growing plants in three different lights which are red light, blue light and white light. As I stated above that plants generate their own food by sunlight. Sunlight can be broken up by a prism into respective colors of red, blue, orange, yellow, green, indigo, violet and white. All this lights have specific
Humans depend on plants in numerous ways. One reason we depend on plants is for consumption. Plants have the unique ability of producing their own food through a process called photosynthesis. In this process, plants are able to produce macromolecules such as carbohydrates that cannot be produced in animals or humans. In humans, the only to gain these macromolecules is to consume plant matter, or consume plant-eating animals (herbivores).