According to the online dictionary, enclosure is an area that is sealed off with an artificial or natural barrier. During the eighteenth century, enclosure was the legal process in England where a number of small landholdings were enclosed to create one large farm. British Enclosure Acts removed the previous rights of local people to rural land they had often used for generations. To the present day in Africa, enclosure removes people from their ancestral land. The lands seized by the acts were merged into individual and privately owned farms, with large, politically connected farmers receiving the best land. Often, small landowners could not afford the legal and other associated costs of enclosure and so were forced out (McElroy, 2012). Through series of Parliamentary Acts, open fields and wastes were closed to use by the peasantry. Open fields were large agricultural areas to which a village population had certain rights of access and which they tended to divide into narrow strips for cultivation. The wastes were unproductive areas to which the peasantry had traditional and collective rights of access in order to pasture animals, harvest meadow grass, fish, and collect firewood (McElroy, 2012).
Now in the twenty-first century, land grab continues the historic process of land enclosures. Enclosure by land grabbing is driven by a combination of the food/energy/climate crisis and the financial crisis (McMichael, 2012). With the increase price of food and energy, land has
People have seriously affected the land. We utilize it to develop harvests to sustain our developing populace. We additionally utilize it to give vitality. Every year one individual in North America utilizes assets equivalent to more than 12 sections
The conquering and development of natural land has in the past, been seen as a mark of human civilization. In the United States, our progress is often measured by growth and development, but should this be re-examined? There are many opinions on the subject of urban sprawl and its effects on wildlife, but one thing is for certain, we are expanding. From 1955 to 2005, urban and suburban areas grew by 300%, however, the population only increased by 75% over the same period (Ewing, Kostyack and Chen). According to NatureServe, a non-profit conservation organization, urban sprawl threatens one of every three endangered species in the United States. NatureServe’s analysis states, “rare and endangered species data shows that three-fifths (60
I care deeply about the planet Earth, the home humans originate from, so it pains me to watch “modern” society devastate natural life across the board. I feel personally connected to the issue of how we use our land. Having lived in the Lee County area since birth, I have noticed just in our own little part of the world how much “development” can change things. There used to be so much more plant life: trees, grasses, flowers and a myriad of other greenery. What was once considered “empty” lots, by some, have been adapted to suit human desires be it additional roads, restaurants, shopping malls, and a continuing spread of “chain” corporate industries. Beyond human structures, huge amounts of land also are cultivated for industrial farming
24.enclosure- In the English countryside landlords "enclosed" croplands for sheep grazing, forcing small farmers into precarious tenancy or off
The taking of land refers “to government seizure, regulation, or intrusion on private property for which the owner is entitled to compensations under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution” (Halbert, Terry, Inguilli, & Elaine, 2012). There is also regulatory takings, which is the “newly enforceable restrictions on the use of ones property, such as a newly adopted restrictions on building in certain areas of wetlands.” (Halbert, Terry, Inguilli, & Elaine, 2012). All over the world governments take private land from its owners to benefit the public. In the United States it is called emanated domain, and has been a controversial issue till this day. By evaluating the case of Lucas V South Carolina Coastal Council of 1992 and evaluating the two types of regulatory action that automatically trigger compensation as takings; the dissent object to the takings approach laid out by the majority in this case; cities ability to take private property and transfer it to private developers for the sake of economic revitalization; the ethical issues surrounding the principle of using eminent domain to take away the property ownership rights of individuals; and the feeling I would have if the government was to take my land.
Sharecropping - landowners allow farmers to use and farm their land in return for part of the money that they sell for their crops
"My friends, circumstances render it impossible that you can flourish in the midst of a civilized community. You have but one remedy within your reach...that is to [move] to the west...The sooner you do this, the sooner you will commence your career of improvement and prosperity." These were the words spoken by Andrew Jackson to Congress on the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The Indian Removal Act (aka the Trail of Tears) was a brutal, unfair tragedy that should not have happened to the Native Americans. The way the Native Americans were forced out their homeland was the wrong way for Andrew Jackson to gain land.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) restricted the production of crops. The AAA encouraged farmers to not only limit, but also to “destroy their crops” in an effort to help the economy (“Farm Relief”, 2002, p. 10). While the government attempted to support unsuccessful farmers, landlords took advantage of the opportunity to make a profit. The AAA’s scarcity program allowed for landlords in the cotton-growing regions of the South to force sharecroppers and tenant farmers off of the land (Watkins, 1970, p. 193). As some landowners were outraged at the thought of ruining their produce, others went through with the
There are several historical events and issues that have impacted the contemporary political development among American history. In the history of America one of these groups are the Native Americans. The white man throughout the South called for a removal of the Indian peoples. They wanted the Native Indians to be resettled to the west because their presence created a problem for the white man who needed additional land for settlement. “The status of Native American peoples posed an equally complex political problem” (Henretta, Edwards, Self 2012, 302). Therefore, Andrew Jackson posed the Indian Removal
For centuries the world has depended upon the land as their number one resource. The threat of not being able to cultivate that land could trigger a chain of catastrophic events that would reach far beyond
Prices = land speculation in the US = increase of US land prices. Europe agric restored = US over extended = loans called in = bankruptcies and bank
In 1907 a federal court ruled that American Tobacco had a monopoly on licorice, a flavoring, and that the company was guilty of violating the Sherman Antitrust Act. After a long trial, the court prohibited the company from enjoying interstate trade until conditions were corrected. It went through the U.S. Supreme Court, which decided on May 29, 1911 that the company had to be dissolved. On Nov. 16, 1911 the Supreme Court issued a decree that the company had to be divided into three major parts: American Tobacco, Liggett and Myers, and P. Lorillard. The control of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company of Winston-Salem was also relinquished. James B. Duke, a multimillionaire by then, retired from active management of the American companies and turned
Three new national monuments were recently created in Texas, Nevada and California by President Barack Obama. He created the monuments in order to preserve the beauty of the country though the Republicans condemned his act as a "surreptitious land grab."
Powerful international corporations and foreign investors often buy land off of countries in Africa and South America to repurpose and use as farmland for cash crops, factories, or biofuel production. These sales are made possible by the chief executives of these countries who are all too willing to give up chunks of land for sums of money offered by these rich corporations and investors. However, with these deals come some major issues. On top of the replacement of small subsistence farmlands by large-scale cash crop farms or businesses, the rights of locals in the areas being bought and sold are often neglected and these people face injustices and mistreatment by these deals and corporations.
The Land Registration Act (LRA) 1925 has drawn much flak over the years with regards to one of its most important provisions on overriding interests (OI), which often goes unnoticed until it swoops up and takes priority over the rights of a future purchaser. These interests often come in the form of other occupiers in the property with an equitable interest and, like in the case of Boland , this leaves the lender in a tight spot when they find out about the existence of these interests only after they have initiate proceedings for possession against the defaulting borrowers. Due to the other occupier’s concealed nature on the property register, the lenders have regained their footing by applying the concept of overreaching and ….. The Law Commission, on the other hand, contemplated abolishing these interest altogether but did not go to that extent because it was neither feasible nor desirable Instead, they shrank their impact on land by reforming the operation and scope of the OI. With LRA 2002 sch 3 para 2, lenders now have more control over what may bite them. …. This essay will access…. with a focus on how the lending world have dealt with the implications of Boland…. The best way to access the impact of … would be to go through the pre – post blabla to show how the thing has balanced.