Feature extraction is defined as transform the existing features into a lower dimensional space. \subsection{Local Binary Pattern} Local Binary Patterns (LBP) is on of well-know descriptor used for pattern recognition \cite{G1}. LBP describes textures features of the image. It divided into two different descriptors: (1) local descriptors and (2) global descriptor. The global descriptor used for separating the non objects blocks, while the local provides detailed objects information which can be used in recognition application. It is mathematically calculated through dividing the image into blocks and computing the texture histogram for each block.\par Let pixel position $(i_{c},j_{c})$, LBP is defined as an ordered set of binary pixel …show more content…
Random variables or vectors can be expressed by its entropy. MI is calculated by taking the difference between entropy of a variable and the conditional entropy. It can be expressed as the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the product of marginal distributions $\mu_{x}, \mu_{y}$ and the product of marginal distribution $\mu_{x,y}$. It's mathematically defined at Equ. (\ref{MI}). \begin{equation}\label{MI} MI(x,y)=\int \mu_{x,y}(x,y)\log{\frac{\mu_{x,y}(x,y)}{\mu_{x}(x)\mu_{y}(y)}} \end{equation} where $x$ and $y$ are two independent variables, where $x$ is a feature vector/variable and $y$ is class label. When the mutual information reaches to zero that means the higher dependency between $x$ and $y$. The higher dependency means the higher mutual information. \subsection{Statistical Dependency} The main objective of statistical dependency (SD) is measuring the dependence of feature values on the associated class labels \cite{G3}. It also measure weather two feature vectors are simply occurs by chance. SD is mathematically defined at Equ. (\ref{SD}). \begin{equation}\label{SD} SD(x,y)=\int \mu_{x,y}(x,y){\frac{\mu_{x,y}(x,y)}{\mu_{x}(x)\mu_{y}(y)}} \end{equation} where $x$ is discredited feature values and $y$ is the corresponding label. The higher SD, the higher dependency between the feature value and its corresponding class label. When SD equals to 1 that means the corresponding feature is fully independent of
Is the exchange of ideas, words, actions or objects between two points . It is impossible to communicate with someone if you have no cognation or convention with. So that, without this condition effective communication will not happen
Criterion 3: 푆푝푒푐푖푓푖푐푖푡y is considered as negative integer value. 푆푝푒푐푖푓푖푐i푡y indicates the model’s ability for recognizing natural examples. If this criterion and sensitivity increase and the difference is less than 1%, the best classifier is provided. The criterion’s equation is:
It is done by comparing the confidence of the rule with a benchmark confidence value.
Determining the most beneficial augmentative and alternative communication device is a critical component in AAC because it takes time and dedication to teach a client how to use the device as well as teach others around them how to understand. Hypothetically if a SLP were to provide wasted effort the results could have the potential to be devastating because in some circumstances all the client has is little time. Lucky enough for speech language pathologists there are models for assessment that provide guided intervention tactics. Assessment models can be described as feature matching, the participation model, and or the universal design for learning. Typically, feature matching is a quick and easy way to guide assessment because essentially
Identifies key facts in a range of data. Notices when data appear wrong or incomplete, or need verification. Distinguishes information that is not pertinent to a decision or
and of the information decoupling point? How do they relate to each other with respect
As a poor Asian who ventured out of a dominantly white, small town, I understand the consequences of being a minority. This is how my passion to serve the underserved originated, and why I have partnered with service organizations such as Berea Buddies and AmeriCorps. Being a member of these empathetic communities has deepened my gratitude for how beautifully diverse our world is and for all people regardless of the challenges they face. For example, upon entering my service year to mentor children in D.C. public schools, I was told by almost everyone that there is no helping those children because of the family and monetary problems they encounter. Their responses reminded me of the comments I heard when I decided my life after high-school.
The reflection this week asks us how we would differentiate instruction for writing a research paper in our relative area of interest. Specifically speaking, the reflection asks for two specific differentiated learning tasks. One of the activities must involve a tired activity, while the other can utilize any of the strategies suggested in the lesson. For this particular reflection, I will focus my attention on an early middle school level activity to differentiate on writing a research paper.
After taking the SmarterMeasure assessment and reviewing the results, I was quite amazed to see the substantial amount of my strengths dominating my weaknesses. Firstly, I am going to state my results of the significant components of this assessment including Personal Attributes, Learning Styles, Reading Comprehension, Technical Competency, Technical Knowledge and Typing Speed with Accuracy. Initially, you will get a picture of my strengths and weaknesses. Later on, I am going to devise an action plan specifically on how to tackle my weaknesses in a way it can be terminated.
It is a system that allows for the counteraction of communication loss from one transmission to the next. Pynchon's "Entropy" is an intertwinement of two different plots which take place in the
All of the abilities that I have had in drawing and painting remind me the time that we were together. By the time, you left something in every single moment of my life that makes me feel that I am close to you again. Colors in the new piece that I recently drew, makes me think about your favorite color, gray! Dictatorship and democracy are fighting in this piece of painting, democracy of love and dictatorship of thoughts.
This semester I learned a lot about writing in English 151. It has been a roller coaster ride with these essays for me this semester. I learned step by step how to write a good essay and how to have your readers be engaged in what you’re trying to tell them. Each essay I did has taught me something valuable I can take to the next level of English. I feel as if as the semester went by I did not take my writing that seriously and that reflected in my grades I received in each essay. It made me a better student and writer and it will reflect next semester. In this essay, I will reflect on what I learned throughout this semester that you should apply in your writing when you begin English 151.
GLCM or Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix is most widely used method of Texture Based Feature Extraction. GLCM, first proposed by Haralick in 1973, characterize texture using a variety of quantities derived from second order image statistics [21]. Co-occurrence texture features from an image are extracted in two steps. First, “the pair-wise spatial co-occurrences of pixels separated by a particular angle and/or distance are tabulated using a gray level co-occurrence matrix” (GLCM). Second, “the GLCM is used to compute a set of scalar quantities that characterize different aspects of the underlying texture”. These steps
Information theory: the backbone of modern communication. Before Claude Shannon published his groundbreaking paper A Mathematical Theory of Communication, information as a quantity was poorly understood. A Mathematical Theory of Communciation put forth the foundation of information theory, the mathematical study of information and its properties (Cruise, 2014e). Through information theory, scientists and mathematicians have created quantative measures of structural complexity, compressability, communication complexity, and information content, providing a scholarly way
Information started theoretically and technically in a practical way, that restrict the attention to the transition and processing of information and the required effective resources.