Feldman And Huddy Analysis

Throughout the world there are many diverse political cultures. A political culture is the attitudes, beliefs or practices among a group of likeminded individuals. (Giardino pg. 27) There are different categories that embrace a political culture like an Individualistic, traditionalistic and moralistic. An individualistic culture is one that prefers less government involvement. The traditionalists’ culture maintains government as the social and economic hierarchy and does not like change. The moralistic culture favors public good and it revolves around social issues. In shaping a political culture demographics such as population size, growth, distribution and diversity are essential to determine how a state is in any of the three categories. Society is strongly affected by decisions of who, what and when does an individual receive any types of goods or services. Government is the structure, buildings and institutions that are held within politics.

A lot of things have played a role in my personal political socialization. Political ideology is the places where you have informed your beliefs from. The first example of where I get my personal political socialization is from my family. Second I have influence from my location in the U.S.A. Finally I get influence from Narragansett High School which is the school I currently attend. That is where I received my personal political socialization from.

In Brian Resnick’s "How Politics Breaks Our Brains, and How We Can Put Them Back Together" Resnick talks about what, scientifically, makes us bias and prone to partisanship. He explores and evaluates many studies on the subject throughout the article to better explain his point. He talks about how difficult it is to change ones views because our “us versus them” (1) mindset, and how we can fix it.

A notion exists that the “independent voter” is also an independent thinker, researcher, and analyst - a voter not swayed by media and partisan politics; however, I propose that while voters may be successfully categorized, neither independent nor partisan voters are better informed than the other, this must be attributed individually and not categorically. “Independent” is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as “not subject to authority or control; not depending on another…for one’s opinion; not belonging to or supported by a party” (Independent, 2002, p. 417). The problem with labelling a voter (or group of voters) with this term is that the label is most often a self-designation that sometimes has little to do with that word actually implies.

The first examined effect was political action as a function of instrumental concerns such as strongly held stances on issues and contrasted their effects with that of expressive partisan identity. Secondly, the degree to which action-oriented political emotions, such as anger and enthusiasm, are instrumental or expressive in nature was examined. The studies looked at how much political anger is driven instrumentally by threats to ideology and issue positions or whether it reflects a threat to someone’s party status, making it expressive. Lastly, the studies examined the degree to which political enthusiasm is driven by similar competing forces: the likely success of one’s ideology and issue positions or promised electoral victory and enhanced party

Whereas a strongly conservatives averaged neutral on Ingroup / loyalty statements, while agreeing with fairness / Reciprocity, Harm / Care and Purity / Sanctity and strongly agreeing with Authority / Respect(Graham, Haidt and Nosek 2009).

Today, the majority of self-identified Democrats or Republicans adhere to an ideological stance that their party proclaims -- they are the straight-ticket voters. At the same time, growing numbers of voters proclaim themselves “independent,” which implies that you vote based on educated judgments about the candidates. This new group of voters has created the “negative partisanship” phenomenon and caused “voters [to] form strong loyalties based more on loathing for the opposing party than on the old kind of tribal loyalty” (Chait).

Different ideologies tend to appeal to different demographic characteristics such as gender, class, race, etc. because a person’s background will affect which system of ideas they most closely align with. Liberalism and conservatism, for example, are ideologies that regularly contradict each other, because they appeal to different demographics based upon many factors such as class, race, gender, religion, etc. The general worldview of liberalism is that people have individual rights and liberty, while promoting progress. On the other hand, conservatism places greater importance of keeping tradition and strict regulation of rules. In determining the extent of appeal to different demographics, one must assess the ways in which both ideologies

categories in its impressive study of state-level variation based on measures of partisanship and ideology

This article, from the Sage Journals website, describes the tendency of individuals to cooperate better with others who share their political ideologies. First of all, the article explains the difference between Republicans and Democrats. According to the authors, Republicans lean toward conservative views. This means that they “support stability and find hierarchy acceptable.” In simple terms, conservatives believe that the national government should interfere as little as possible. Democrats, on the other hand, lean toward liberal views. This means that they “support progressive change and egalitarianism.” Simply put, liberals support the participation of the national government in various matters. Later in the article, the results of the

These groups of individuals are wired completely different from each other and operate on opposite hemispheres on a day to day basis. Thomas Jefferson figured out early on that “Liberals” and “Conservatives” have existed throughout history, and will continue to exist. America’s political society differs from other societies such as India or Austria, however every society has the same basic skeleton, meaning they share similar problems, such as deciding how leadership will be constructed and how to shape their infrastructure. A major difference between liberals and conservatives can be explained by the “negativity bias”. Research has shown through eye-tracking devices that conservatives tend to focus more on negative stimuli and for a longer a period time, whereas liberals equally split their attention between positive and negative stimuli. One could assume that the liberals would focus on positive stimuli, however that’s not the case. This is one of the reasons people believe that liberals and conservatives see the world in entirely different perspectives, not just in politics, but in all walks of life. This eye study can also point too major

The idea that an individual's psychological makeup is an important determinant of a person's political beliefs has been highly discussed, debated, and studied. The article “Psychological Underpinnings of Democracy” by Marta Miklikowska presents evidence and argues that a person’s support for democratic values can be predicted by certain psychological elements: empathy, authoritarianism, self-esteem, interpersonal trust, normative identity style, and openness to experiences. Theoretical Background and Past Research As Miklikowska states, “Democratic values refer to the basic principles of democratic governance that allow distinguishing between democratic and nondemocratic process such as e.g. equality, impartial justice, universal suffrage, or freedom of expression.” (604) In essence, democratic values are the ideals which allow democracy to flourish.

Converse and Fournier’s study indicates that citizens have low level of political knowledge and lack fixed ideological preferences. However, people also have a natural tendency to fall into an ideological framework according to their existing principles. This is shown in the strong emphasis on party ideologies in the Canadian

1) Compare the various agents of ideological social control and their effectiveness in controlling behavior.

Even as a young American Citizen, without the right to vote just yet, I have developed a political ideology based on specific issues and their direct effect on not only my life, but also those close to me. Many of us have a vision of what is best for our country. The belief system you choose to attach yourself to, ultimately shapes who you are as a person, while also defining what you stand for. Political views have been split into two perspectives, liberal and conservative. Although present issues may simply boil down to everyone wanting the same things in life, such as freedom, a fair chance to prosper, limit those suffering as much as possible, and a environment that provides a healthy and safe future for our children, the argument is often derived from different approaches in achieving these goals. My political ideology was largely influenced by the approach to dealing with particular issues involving, the economy, civil rights, same sex unions and gun control.