Fossils Tell Of Long Ago Summary

dy of plant fossils and the understanding the evolution of plant life and ecology of earlier eras is known as paleobotany. Paleobotanists concern with fossil records of plants and their geologic history greatly describes the main concept of paleobotany. Only a small percentage of the plants that ever lived left evidence of existence. The major plant fossils that have been discovered are mineralized wood, flowers in amber, leaf imprints in coal, or other plant life many years ago. Paleobotanists document fossil records and use this evidence to find the past evolution of plants.

The skeletal characteristics of these hominines suggest that their mode of locomotion was likely a cross between occasional bipedalism and obligate bipedalism. From the reading we have learned that obligate bipedalism is bipedal locomotion that is practiced all of the time while occasional bipedalism is bipedalism that is practiced on occasion. The ratio of arm length to leg length (longer arms) suggests that they did spend time climbing trees, however the cranial and post cranial traits of these fossils suggest that they spent much of their time on the ground and likely ambulating bipedally combined with a variation of upright walking and knuckle walking. This is evidenced by two factors: the fact the foramen magnum of the skull is centrally located, and the ratio of arm to leg length. In creatures with bipedal ambulation, the foramen magnum is located in the center of the base of the skull to keep the head aligned over the center of gravity of the creature. If the fossils were walking primarily with their knuckles, the

Creationism, it is theory that claims every element in the earth, including living species, are all created by the god as the Bible said, which denies the evolutional theory came up by Charles Darwin. Then, since Darwin’s evolutionary theory is testable and make solid predictions whereas creationism cannot be tested nor predict precisely, it has been considered as a pseudoscience. However, recently there is a Ph.D. Biochemist bring creationism theory back to the audience again, his name is Duane Tolbert Gish from University of California. Dr. Duane T. Gish has written several books and articles to support creationism, and the most famous one is Evolution: The Fossil Say No!, which published in 1978. In his article, he denied the evolutionism since he claims there is insufficient fossil evidence to support Darwin’s theory, and which would prove creationism is real.

Paleopathological findings indicate the presence of tumors through animals well before prehistoric times. Steven Hajdu explains that written descriptions of cancer date back to the Egypt, Byzantine and other Indo-European civilizations where medicine men attempted to cure it using herbal remedies and did not hesitate to use concoctions of iron, copper, sulfur and mercury (1), elements known for its toxic nature. Failing to treat the diseases because of both the lack of knowledge of the human anatomy and DNA or proper equipment, they would claim that the wrath of God had struck upon the ill patient. Medicine Men of this time also did not strive to further study cancer since mortality rates were low due to lack of food, clean water and constant

Throughout this first chapter, I think that I already believe that I will enjoy this book. At the start however, the book could not be any more boring. Rocks, rocks, and more rocks was all I could think of. I have always been one to enjoy learning new things as long as they are interesting subjects, but learning about older and younger rocks, how rocks move throughout time, and what can be discovered from those rocks, that doesn’t sound too interesting. I did learn something though. It was no real surprise to me that you can get so much information from rocks once I thought about it, but how they do it still surprises me.

The author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks in their search for fossils because amphibians that look dissimilar to fish were discovered in 365 million year old rocks, while fish without amphibian characteristics were discovered in 385 million year old rocks. Thus, it is possible that the evolutionary intermediary, or the “missing link” between fish and amphibians, would be discovered in 375 million year old rocks, between the two time periods. The rocks examined were sedimentary in composition, as the gradual and relatively gentle formation of sedimentary rock under conditions of mild pressure and low heat are conducive to the fossilization of animal remains. Sedimentary rock is also often formed in rivers and seas, where animals are likely to live. This site provides a resource that describes means by which fossils are formed and how the fossil record may be interpreted, and shows some examples of fossils demonstrating evolution through geological periods: http://www.fossilmuseum.net/fossilrecord.htm. In 2004, Shubin and his colleagues were looking for fossils on Ellesmere Island, in northern Canada. This location was chosen because of its lack of human development, as well as of obstructing natural formations and life forms such as trees, which

Although early Earth was hostile, it provided a great environment for the production of organic molecules. Events such as lightning, volcanic eruptions, meteorites, radioactivity in the Earth’s crust, and the easy access of ultraviolet light, are thought to have provided the energy for these molecules to produce. Therefore, the conditions of early Earth were critical in the commencing of the first organic molecules.

In her article titled “Fossil Discoveries Challenge Ideas About Earth’s Start,” Rebecca Boyle describes a variety of fossils that have led scientists to consider that life on Earth has existed longer than previously believed. An example of such fossils would be those presented in a deposit known as the Apex Chert, found by paleobiologist William Schopf in the Pilbara Craton in northwestern Australia. The orange rocks of the Apex Chert are inundated with microscopic tubes, which suggest that some kind of life form was able to burrow through the rock. According to University of Wisconsin geochemist John Valley, this sample of fossil life dates back to roughly 3.5 billion years ago, which is a long time before viable life forms were once thought to exist on Earth.

Some skills I hope to develop in participating in this experience are a broad understanding of how to conduct research, utilizing it beyond the college environment. In addition, I anticipate this will train and offer an in-depth knowledge of Paleobiology that a course and a textbook could not. One reason is that the research will be conducted in a laboratory that several professionals use that I would otherwise have limited access to. Obtaining this practice in a lab, I can utilize and engage in the concepts and principles of any scientific research, amplifying both my verbal and writing abilities in the process, accessing them in a future professional setting. Furthermore, participating in this research will permit me to analyze the influences of human activities on aquatic life with a Notable Professor who has recently obtained a Fellowship that has profited both his students and his own study, enabling them to research the northern Gulf of Mexico. These skills are just several I wish to emerge, however, I am optimistic that more will arise all throughout the research and whatever follows.

Class discussions, games, and activities that students can partake in independently, in small or large groups, will enable language and literacy exploration, along with teacher modeling the utilization of language and literacy, constantly throughout the day. The literate environment will also promote vocabulary development where students are exposed to quality language by utilizing numerous methods. Students will be engaged in reading aloud opportunities or engaged in teacher lead discussions to create a joint literary experience, encourage class discussions, and model fluency for the students. The walls of the classroom will exhibit a student resource known as a word wall, which is a supplementary significant factor of a language-rich environment. A word wall is a prearranged display of words located on a classroom wall, a white board or any other flat surface large enough to accommodate all words being utilized. The words displayed are sizable enough for all students to be able to see. This strategy provides a permanent visual of vocabulary words, allowing the students to develop a heightened comprehension of the words, it can be utilized as a point of reference for the student while they are engaged in reading and writing

Artists using Autobiographical Strategies include performance artist, comedian and maker of experimental theatre Bryony Kimmings, who breaks down the boundary between theatricalisation and performing the ‘self ‘within her work. Her 2015 performance of ‘Fake It 'Til You Make It’ is a theatre show attempting to release the taboo’s on speaking up about about clinical depression in men, and what it takes to be a ‘man’. This theatre show was devised after her real life partner and fellow performer Tim Grayburn, was found to be suffering with the condition himself, therefore by opening up about their experiences, she hopes a more open approach to men and depression will occur.

The early African Homo Erectus fossils, which are sometimes called Homo egaster, are the oldest known early humans. They are similar to modern humans but taller, stronger, and had a pronounced ridge over their brow Many of their fossil remains have been found in places such as Africa and Asia, which can be dated to be about 1.6 million years old. From fossil findings researchers have revealed that these early humans have possessed modern-human-like body proportions. They have also found that these features are considered adaptations to live on the ground. Fossil remains have also revealed between Homo erectus and that of the Great Apes. One other link to Homo erectus is to that of a major innovation in stone technology. Throughout research and remnants of the Homo erectus scientist were able to discover evidence of the role of culture throughout this group of humans. Throughout our further findings we will look at variations and how it once effected Homo erectus, and the modern human of today. Great discoveries have been made, and with our technological advancement we can better our findings and interpretations of the characteristics and evolution of Homo erectus, so that we can have a better understanding of our evolution.

Index fossils are fossils used to define and identify geologic patterns. They work on the premise that, although different sediments may look different depending on the conditions under which they were laid down. They may include the remains of the same species of fossils. If the concerned species was short-lived (only lasting a few hundred thousand years) then it is certain that the sediments were deposited within that narrow time period. The shorter the lifespan of the species, the more precisely different sediments can be correlated, and so rapidly evolving types of fossils are particularly valuable.

I was very interested about fossils, if they do really occur. I took a look at the techniques of verifying if it is true that fossils do exist. In my research using the evolution website, I discovered that they were trying to prove the existence of fossils that is “things that are being preserved from previous geological age, to discover if extinct prehistoric animals like the dinosaur do exist. Because there were arguments about the holes that were seen on an ammonite were created by a limpet and was attached to it, the scientists researched on ammonites and the characteristics of the limpets in question. So to prove this hypothesis was their primary motivation that led to the discovery of fossils. From

The fossil records have started low and have been increasing throughout the closer the fossils are to know. Fossils are evidence of a species that lived during a certain period. The more fossils found from different species, the higher the variety of animals. Biodiversity is the variety of organisms found on Earth. When we find more fossils we could assume there were more organisms during that period, more organisms means more biodiversity.