Fragility Curves For Reinforced Concrete Structures Of Downtown Area

Whilst earthquakes are perhaps the most frequently occurring natural hazard, their impact on people, property and communities varies enormously from one place to another. It is possible to identify a number of factors that cause some places to suffer more than others. Whilst some are large scale and are to do with tectonic location, others are decided at a much more local scale, and relate to building design and levels of preparedness.

Earthquakes have afflicted the world since its inception. The sudden release of energy from volcanoes or displacing of earth plates can result in disasters of extreme magnitude. These usually naturally occurring phenomenon have been responsible from wiping out entire towns throughout history and until today continue to produce major loss of life and infrastructure. It can take years for a city or country to recover from a major event of this kind and when a third world country is involved, the result is usually exponentially worse than in a developed country. In the past decades Japan, Chile and Haiti have suffered the devastation an earthquake produces. This document will concentrate in Haiti, a small country in the Caribbean. On

This report will focus on examples of different earthquakes happening around the world and explain why some countries cope better than others. To cope well, the country should have low death tolls, good communication with rescue services and other countries willing to help, evacuation and other emergency plans are planned well, and minimizing the amount of damage done to the country.

As natural disasters continue to cause severe damage and as technology advances, new safety and building requirements are implemented in order to reduce the damage caused by natural disasters. Here in Salt Lake City, we constantly face the danger of having a major earthquake along the Wasatch Fault. Geologist predict that we are long past due

This transportation system is an iconic rail network that services the area of the San Francisco Peninsula which then connects to Oakland on the East Bay side. From Oakland, the rail lines branch out in multiple directions, some going up north to Richmond/Pittsburg and down south to the Dublin/Fremont areas. After the Loma Prieta earthquake, retrofitting the BART infrastructure was carefully considered and the Earthquake Safety Program (ESP) was created. A Seismic Vulnerability Study was held to estimate the level of vulnerability of the BART infrastructure as described in [3]. G&E Engineering Systems Inc. (G&E) conducted the analysis with the use of the System Earthquake Risk Assessment (SERA) software. The SERA model ran 100 possible outcomes after modeling 15,078 components of the BART system [3]. Each of the 100 outcomes were influenced by various earthquake scenarios. In the model, four of the seven major earthquake faults were used to provide a realistic analysis. These included The Hayward fault with a 7.0 Mw, San Andreas Fault with an 8.0 Mw, Calaveras Fault with a 6.8 Mw, and the Concord Fault with a 6.8 Mw [3]. G&E concludes that the aerial structures were at a high risk if a major seismic activity is to occur similar to the

Earthquakes have been a serious trouble in our lives for as long as people have inhabited the earth. These natural disaster such as earthquakes that happen on the earth have been the cause of many deaths in the past century. What can be done about these violent earthquakes that take place nearly without warning? Predicting an earthquake until now has almost been technologically impossible. However, with improvements in technology, more lives have been saved and much more will. All that remains is to research what happens place before, during, and after an earthquake.

As the earth ‘quakes’, the ground can split; with both the vibrations of the surface and the cracks in the ground, structures can collapse; and often on top of people.

The Oral and Dental Hospital of Jenderal Soedirman University was built in 2008. This hospital’s building consists of 4 stories equipped with inpatient rooms, X-ray rooms, and laboratory. It is expected that with a main function as a public facility with a large number of people doing activities within it, the building has a high level of security when an earthquake occurred. The aim of this study is to perform a preliminary seismic hazard assessment, i.e. an evaluation using a Rapid Visual Screening method and a tier 1 evaluation using FEMA 310. The results of the Rapid Visual Screening were a final level 1 score compared with a cut-off score of +2.00. If the final level 1 score were less than or equal to +2.00, the building requires the tier

Earthquake Hazards occur when there are adverse effects on human activities. This can include surface faulting, ground shaking and liquefaction. In this essay I will be discussing the factors that affect earthquakes, whether human such as population density, urbanisation and earthquake mitigation or physical such as liquefaction, magnitude, landslides and proximity to the focus.

In building the earthquake proof house, I took steps to strengthen the structure. For example, I used stronger wood that can still give when applied with pressure. The windows are made of plastic instead of glass so that they do not shatter or break. I bolted the framing to the foundation to hold the building together. The building is meant to be able to withstand an earthquake however at some point all buildings, earthquake proof or not, will break due to the overwhelming power that the earth can produce. A first aid kit is included in the house for helping those in the house or for helping neighbors that need help. Fire detectors and carbon monoxide detectors have also been added to the house to warn of any hazards that could harm the occupants. The addition of flexible piping holding gasses helps to prevent any leaks that could result from cracked pipes. The family that is living in this house should take measures to protect themselves. Food, water, flashlights, clothing, blankets, and other necessities should be in an easily accessible place if there was an earthquake.

This study aims to develop life-cycle cost functions (LCCF) for typical reinforced concrete (R/C) buildings located in Mexico City by training an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The total expected cost includes the initial cost and the cost of the damage caused by possible ground motions at the site of interest. The present value of the cost includes: initial cost, repair or reconstruction cost, cost of damage to the contents, costs associated to the loss of life or injuries and economic losses. The damage index induced by earthquakes is associated to the maximum interstory drifts (MID), and for this purpose the structural performance is evaluated using probabilistic models. The occurrence of earthquakes is assumed to be modeled by a

The earthquake happened in May 2008 in Sichuan Area of Republic of China, and it had a Ritcher scale of 7.9. The tragedy resulted in the death of 69,227 people, 374, 176 had fatal, and minor injuries and more than 18,000 people went missing. The impact of the earthquake was felt so many miles away, and it left more than 4.8 million individuals homeless. The tragedy is termed as one of the most lethal in the history of China (Liu, 1). This natural disaster, like other big disasters, was covered widely by the media all over the world. The news of Sichuan earthquake hit the headlines of many newspapers globally. The domestic media was not left behind in analyzing the disaster having 24 hours reports on the events surrounding the earthquake. The America reporters made a comprehensive coverage of the events. This is because the foreign news reporters were permitted to visit the site of the quake (Seo et al., 17).

Earthquakes can make buildings crumble to the ground and pavement to crack and shift.The most damage happens to roadways,foundations,buildings,and vehicles. Earthquakes can also cause landslides to occur. At 5:04 in San francisco, a large earthquake occurred, the giants Athletes were warming up for a game against the Oakland Athletes.

Damage to lifeline networks in the past earthquakes in Iran (such as Bam earthquake (2003) in ROODBAR earthquake (1369)), and around the world (such as Japan Kanto Earthquake (1923), Alaska (1964), Niigata, Japan (1964), San Fernando (1971), Northridge, USA (1994), Kobe, Japan (1995), Izmit, Turkey (1999) and Fukushima, Japan (2011)), all indicating the vulnerability of the infrastructure as a result of the earth's movement and quake [63]. In the lifeline damage analysis, there needs to spatial information more than before. The volume of data required for disaster damage analysis is more than relevant volume to be used effectively and timely with manual methods. Geographic information systems (GIS) is a method for organizing the spatial data

For this assignment, we are to examine earthquake activity around the world. Specifically, we are to examine the United States Geological Survey (USGS) earthquake website searching for earthquakes that have occurred around the world with a magnitude greater than two point five in the last seven days. Responses to the questions of the lab, based on the information obtained from the USGS website at 10:23 AM on Friday, January 3, 2014, are the basis of this paper.