Gene Splicing: A Genetic Analysis

The provider is correct that short stature is not necessary for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency if the member is short for expected height; however, this member’s height has never clearly been outside the expected range for family. It also can be argued that delay in growth velocity can be masked by the pubertal growth spurt. However, review of the growth charts provided by the member’s primary care physician and endocrinologist does not clearly demonstrate abnormal growth velocity. While he did have one point that dipped down to the 10th percentile, overall his points are between the 10th and 25th percentiles and generally follow the same curve, indicating that one point is likely aberrant or perhaps consistent with normal prepubertal slowing in growth. After puberty started, the member grew at the upper end of the normal range, which is generally not seen in growth hormone

gene splicing is already in effect.’ I am fully aware that many different genetically modified

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In this experiment, host NM554, a particular strain of E. coli, was used to cultivate human genes (Dolf, 2013). Through the use of cosmids, plasmids that carry the cos gene, DNA fragments were introduced into the E. coli and packaged into phage particles (McClean, 1998). Pst I is a restriction endonuclease, an enzyme that cuts DNA at restriction sites (Restriction endonuclease). The Pst I digest of human DNA in this study produced the DNA fragments that were examined. The dideoxynucleotide chain-reaction procedure, also known as Sanger sequencing, is the process of lengthening DNA using DNA polymerase to add on deoxynucleotides until a dideoxynucleotide is added on randomly (Rogers). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (represented by the acronym

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Dr. Muir: It is called genetic splicing. What this does is edits a specific gene in this case

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Plasmids are small double stranded circular non chromosomal DNA molecules containing their own origin of replication. Hence, they are capable of replication independent of the chromosomal DNA in bacteria. Plasmids present in one or more copies per cell, can carry extra chromosomal DNA from one cell to another cell and serve as tools to clone and manipulate genes. Plasmids used exclusively for this purpose are known as vectors. The genes of interest can be inserted into these vector plasmids creating a recombinant plasmid. Recombinant plasmids can play a significant role in gene therapy, DNA vaccination, and drug delivery [Rapley, 2000].

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Gene splicing is simply explained as the addition of genes from one organism’s genome to another’s. This branch of science is focused on altering the DNA of organisms in ways such as enhancing plants and animals’ physical characteristics or on repairing the damaged genomes of humans. As with the alteration of anything to do with human life, the use of gene splicing on humans has raised a controversy over its ethics. Some people believe that gene splicing could be beneficial to the medical field while others believe that it will cause many problems with society. Despite its few ethical concerns gene splicing is something that scientists should continue to develop due to its current use in natural gene expression, occurrence in nature, current

Genetically modified organisms (GMO) refers to organisms that have undergone a recombinant DNA procedure. The creation of GMO requires three components which include gene to be transferred, vector to carry the gene, and an organism where the gene is introduced. The creation of GMO involves four key steps. The first stage involves the identification of the desired trait from an organism. The Second step is the removal of the desired quality of the original organism which is done by restriction enzymes that recognize specific DNA sequences and cleaves them at particular points. One of the restriction enzymes is restriction endonuclease, and it is mostly isolated from bacteria. In bacteria, this enzyme is used as a defense mechanism due to its ability to recognize and cut foreign DNA. The third step is the insertion of the transgene into another organism. Genetic engineers utilize bacteria and viruses to implant the desired gene or trait to

There are several flavours of HGE and human genetic modification (HGM) that will be referred to in this paper, to be concise the different types will be explained in the opening paragraphs so the rest of the paper will not be interrupted

Genetic engineering is the latest experimental practice used in the world of biomedical research. This practice refers to humans modifying an animals’ genetic component in order to express a particular trait (Dale et al). The scientific community calls the animals produced by this practice as transgenic animals in order to distinguish between its wild type relative. This innovative technology paved ways for medical breakthroughs, along with the expansion of human understanding towards the mechanisms of prevalent diseases. As a result, research in the pharmaceutical industry has also been aided by genetic engineering. The ability for transgenic animals to model human diseases allow humans to have a molecular understanding in regards to the effectiveness and safety of the drug (Dennis). Besides understanding diseases, genetic engineering is also used in organ transplantation research (Dale et al).

Alternative splicing (AS) plays a fundamental role in the diversification of protein function and regulation. AS is the main contributor to cellular diversity, hence, the identification and quantification of differentially spliced transcripts in genome-wide transcript analysis are very important aspects (Conesa et al., 2016). AS is the main component in eukaryotic gene expression that increases coding capacity of the human genome (Tazi et al., 2009) being used frequently to produce tissue-specific protein isoforms (Merkin et al., 2012). The disruption of specific AS events and the use of wrong splice sites have been associated with a number of human genetic diseases (Xiong et al., 2015). To date, the 20,000 or so

Genetic modification, otherwise referred to as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology or gene splicing, has proven to be more precise, predictable and a better-understood method for the manipulation of genetic material than previously attained through conventional plant breeding. Agricultural applications of the technology have involved the insertion of genes of desirable agronomic traits into a variety of crop plants, and from a variety of biological sources. Examples include soybeans modified with gene sequence from a streptomyces species encoding enzymes that confer herbicide tolerance, and corn plants modified to express the insecticidal protein of an indigenous soil microorganism, Bacillus thuringiensis. A growing body of evidence suggest that technology and may be used to make enhancements to not only the agronomic properties but the food, nutritional, industrial and medicinal attributes of genetically modified crops.