Strategic decisions made by General Dwight Eisenhower during WWII were significant and give excellent examples of four components of Steve Gerras’ Critical Thinking model. Generals during World War II faced daily innumerable difficult and grave decisions. Critical decisions made during WWII did not have the depth and speed of today’s modern communications infrastructure. Eisenhower quoted, “Making decisions is of the essence in leadership.”1 During World War II, while in command of the Mediterranean theater, Eisenhower made the strategic decision of making the commitment to radiate confidence no matter how dire the circumstances or how pessimistic he might actually feel. He wrote, “My mannerisms and speech in public would always reflect the cheerful certainty of victory that any pessimism and discouragement that I might ever feel would be reserved for my pillow.” 2 Critical thinking according to Professor Steve Gerras is deliberate. Gerras’ Critical Thinking Model components are as follows: “clarify the concern, point of view, assumptions, inferences, evaluation of information, and implications.” The model is not meant to be sequential or linear, however always starts with “clarify the concern”. Evaluation of Eisenhower’s decision to radiate confidence no matter how dire the circumstances in context to Gerras’ Critical thinking model spotlights “clarify the concern” and “point of view”. Application of these two components to his strategic decision demonstrates
Critical thinking is an essential trait that every Army officer must possess. Officers must learn this trait and sharpen it through regular practice. The idea of critical thinking as a valuable aspect of the problem-solving process may seem daunting on the surface; however, it creates a more effective process in reaching crucial decisions for the Army officer. The critical thinking process, along with the elements of thought, used with the Army Problem Solving Process provides an established framework from which all involved parties benefit from because it enhances communication channels across all hierarchies. The elements of thought also provide thoroughness in thinking that closely align with the steps of the Army Problem Solving Process. In addition, the critical thinking process creates confidence in problem solving despite the challenges the problem presents. Therefore, it is quite evident that Paul & Elder’s Elements of Thought do assist Army officers in the conducting of the Army Problem Solving Process.
available in our on-line collection associated with Critical Thinking 10th Edition Moore And Parker Pdf
[ 2 ]. Hollitz, John. Thinking Through the Past: A Critical Thinking Approach to U.S.
How did Eisenhower balance assertiveness and restraint in his foreign policies in Vietnam, Europe, and
General Douglas Macarthur was one of the most well known military figures in the history of the United States. He gave his farewell speech to congress on 19th April 1951 and went into retirement after 52 years of service in the United States army. He was given the chance to address his final message to the US government. This analysis carefully examines his ethics, goals, strategies, strengths and weaknesses. The speech is very famous and highly popular among the American audience. Therefore, we will take into account all factors to critically evaluate the speech and find out what makes it important.
When the World War II finally ended, the United States was the most powerful country the history has ever witnessed. Politically, economically, and militarily, the United States possessed an unmatched power. The Soviet Union soon built a comparable nuclear force but was far behind economically. The enormous power the United States possessed forced it to assume the responsibility of leading the Western world in the struggle against Communism around the world. To understand and properly evaluate the leadership of Presidents Dwight Eisenhower and John Fitzgerald Kennedy, it is necessary to keep in mind this historical development, as it provides a context for understanding specific leadership styles and policies these presidents adopted. Both international affairs and domestic concerns influenced the actions and leadership styles of Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy. George Moss's Vietnam: an American Ordeal makes it clear that Eisenhower was a strong and decisive leader but domestic politics continuously inhibited his liberty to act. Kennedy, in contrast, seems to have been a weak decision-maker, despite the fact that international affairs and domestic concerns continuously pressured him to make prompt and crucial decisions.
General Marshall was undeniably strategic. His resume included Chief of Staff of the Army, pre- and post-WWII organizer of the US Army and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Secretary of State, author of the Marshall Plan for the recovery of post-WWII Europe, Secretary of Defense, president of the American Red Cross, Time Magazine’s Man of the Year for both 1943 and 1947, and the Nobel Peace Prize recipient in 1953. His career from 1902 to 1951 included WWI, WWII, the Berlin Airlift, the rebuilding of Europe, and the Korean War, a time period that epitomized the volatile, uncertain,
George H. W. Bush was a Visionary but not an Ethical Leader. In this paper, I will discuss how he used Inspirational Motivation to inspire troops to war, and Dispositional Flexibility to get the world through the chaotic collapse of the USSR. On the other hand, we will prove he was Not and Ethical Leader, because he fell into the trap of Worry over Image when he sent 2500 soldiers into Panama to increase his public image. His lack of depth as a critical thinker while dealing
This paper evaluates General Eisenhower’s decision making process in resolving the Major General Fredendall situation during the aftermath of the German offensive in Tunisia in 1943. It describes and contrasts the Polis and the Incremental Decision Making Models. It applies each model to Eisenhower’s decision making process, and concludes with the logic as to why the Incremental Model best describes Eisenhower’s actions in relieving Frendendall.
General Powell highlights 18 lessons learned in leadership that are applied to successful companies, and how they are applied to leadership in his presentation to the Outreach Program, and the Sears Corporate Headquarters. These approaches can be applied not only in business but life in general. I will highlight three of the lessons that have impacted my career in the military
In approaching any obstacle, the usual individual depends on their use of critical thinking to fully analyze the subject, assess it, and reconstruct it in order to find a solution. In a similar manner, any true leader struggling through an obstacle would push themselves to think in a self-disciplined, self, monitored, and self directed method. Correspondingly, yet with a conflicting viewpoint, Peter Elbow believed critical thinking was divided into two components: “the believing game” and “the doubting game.” Distinct from one another, the believing game reflects an individual who makes choices in believing all assertions, whereas the doubting game involves one to question all assertions and make it an objective to seek the errors. Altogether, the our idea of
The authors of the essay, Zelleke and Talbot, are scholars at Harvard Business School in Boston (Massachusetts). The document presents a critic position on the way how the leaders of the United States’ (US) government are making decisions. The core argument of the document is rooted in the absence of prospective planning and strategic thinking at the supreme political level. According to the authors, it is required to designate a person responsible for foreseeing the future of the US and its strategic role in the world’s geopolitical arena. Therefore, the creation of a Chief Strategy Officer (CSO) position is proposed to overcome such failure. Even tough, some of the arguments presented in the essay may sound logical in the eyes of public opinion, most of them are not convincing and compelling if analyzed from a National Security perspective.
Critical thinking is a vital task that must be done in our everyday lives. In “Becoming a Critic Of Your Thinking” found at criticalthinking.org, Dr. Linda Elder and Dr. Richard Paul explain critical thinking as “the disciplined art of ensuring that you use the best thinking you are capable of in any set of circumstances”. Even tough there are many different types of methods to achieve a better quality of critical thinking, Dr. Elder and Dr. Paul discuss four specific ones in the article. All strategies, however, force you to put yourself in an uncomfortable and difficult position to develop a better quality of thinking.
Critical considering and decision-making are an indication of the precise and significant wisdom and assessment. Both of these possess an interconnection also it would be the fact you are unable to deal with a challenge it does not exist; for that reason, taking into consideration severely contributes to dealing with a difficult. For a creating leader, you have to have or work towards strengthening these attributes. This enables you to comprehend the foundation or purposes of one's decision. Anytime you need to make a major decision as a leader; first, you need critical reasoning which will help you into realistically justifying your choice or actions. A leader would need to fully understand the different sorts of conclusions he can encounter
Watson and Glazer (1980), for instance, define critical thinking as being a composite of attitudes, knowledge, and skills. These include the following: