It has been argued that the German expressionist movement has had an influence on many later filmmakers and genres. I agree with this argument and in this essay I will be explaining why I believe this to be the case by discussing the common traits of expressionism and applying them to later films and genres.
Unlike other European countries, the film industry in Germany in post World War I was booming, in fact it was second only to Hollywood. This was mainly due to the German government’s ban on foreign films and the rising demand by German theatres. Between 1914 and 1918 the amount of film production companies rose from 25 to 130 and continued to grow, by 1921 there were over 300 companies. The government supported filmmaking throughout the post war period; the ban was lifted in 1920 which gave German filmmakers little competition for over five years.
Expressionism began in the form of paintings in 1908 and soon transferred to a wide range of media including cinema. In 1920 a film was premiered in Berlin and critics declared expressionism had reached cinema. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (directed by Robert Wiene) was the first of its kind. Although audiences were used to this style in art and other media, it had never been seen on film before and was a success with the public. From that point onwards other films with the same distinct style were released. In the short period between 1920 and 1927 over twenty films were made that fit into the category of expressionism
German Expressionism is a kind of art that is supposed to make you feel something. When you look at a painting such as “The Scream” by Edvard Munch (1863-1944), you ask yourself what kind of emotions does this painting give you. A group of early 20th century German artists used the term “expressionism” to desribe the way they produced art. The title later turned into “German Expressionism”. This art movement was prominent during 1905-1925. In German it is known as “Die Brucke” and “Der Blaue Reiter”. Unlike Impressionism, its goals were not to reproduce the impression by the surrounding world, but to express the artists feelings on the surrounding world. Expressionism comes from the route word “expression” which
Defined by www.news.artnet.com/, German Expressionism is defined as “an artistic genre that originated in Europe in the 1920s, and is broadly defined as the rejection of Western conventions, and the depiction of reality that is widely distorted for emotional effect.” In Nosferatu, the film contains a plethora of distorted realities in an attempt to evoke the “emotional effect” from the audience. This is shown by the director of the film, F.W. Murnau’s usage of lighting and makeup & costume design.
During the time when the German art movement was happening, in the 1920s in Germany after their armed forces had been overpowered and conquered by the American government in the World War I. The nation of German was being ordered by the American government as well. In those days of age, Germans were extensively devastated to come to the realization of the truth since their country was in national financial depression, with the national establishment from America, and the national politics that were invaded. The Germans could not bear the new reality they were forced to live in because their nation used to be known as the major country in the world. Therefore, they focused their attention on arts, specifically arts with narrating like plays and motion pictures to relish on the illusory world as a place that is an imagined diversion where they are used for abandoning the distressed reality they live in. Thus, the German Expressionist movement began. The first Expressionist films were made to express through style the personal psychological phase of the central character. Dr.Caligari thinks of the whole film as if it is his own psychotic universe. The buildings are all distorted, as so are the streets, and the characters are dressed as visual cyphers while being inattentive through their makeup. A specific formal style of Expressionist that was used by several major directors from Germany originated from The Cabinet of
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is a German Expressionist film that was released in 1920. The film was directed by Robert Wiene. Expressionism is defined as a visible world that is reshaped and even, distorted by internal forces such as soul, spirit, subjectivity, and emotion. A major component of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is it contains various examples of mise-en-scène, which is associated with visual aspects such as props in the background or clothing and the makeup the actor is wearing. Moreover, “boxes within boxes” is seen numerous times throughout The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. One example where “boxes within boxes” is seen in the film is in Dr. Caligari’s tiny shack, where he has Cesare
The first shot is equitably realistic; however, German expressionism lingers in the design of the set, adding oneiric qualities to the shot. One of the most pivotal of German Expressionist cinema, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (dir. Robert Wiene, 1920) presents distorted environments. For example, while one would expect sidewalks and
Being one of the world’s most popular art forms, it was inevitable that these archetypes would find their way into film as well. In this essay I will argue that the
Baz Luhrmannn’s cinematic language is used to “… signal to the audience that they’re entering into a contract with the storytelling. The audience is aware that they are participative in this motion picture… this is not about naturalism.”
Like German Expressionist cinema, Lang is able to create something that may appear to be innocent at the surface and
German Expressionism was commenced in Germany before World War I, but didn’t catch the audience’s eye till the 1920’s. German Expressionism impacted film tremendously, but also influenced music, theater, painting, sculpture and architecture. One of the first German Expressionism films were The Student of Prague (1913), The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920), and From Morn to Midnight (1920). These films came about because of the isolation in Germany during World War I. Therefore, the government also banned any type of foreign films, which increased the production of domestic films. The production of domestic films went from 24 films in 1914 to 130 in 1918. However, it caught international audience eyes by 1922 and appreciated the German cinema.
Soviet cinema has a significant contribution to the world’s film history. The years after the October Revolution in 1917 bring many economic difficulties and political changes to the newly formed USSR, which also affected film production. The nationalization of the film industry, Kuleshov experiments, and the support from the government mark some of the most important phases that influenced the progress and development of the Soviet film. Even though used as medium of propaganda, the cinema popularity
All films made some sort of impact on the growth of the film industry, including foreign ones. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919) was a German horror story of murder, meant as a metaphor for World War I. This German film had an important influence on the German films of the future. Written by Carl Mayer and Hans Janowitz, it was a madman's vision of the world. Producer Erich Pommer bought the script from Mayer and Janowitz, then cast Werner Krauss as Caligari. The film was planned to be directed by Fritz Lang, but he went to direct a different film instead, and a man named Robert Wiene took the position as director. Caligari is considered to be the first true example of expressionism in film. The distorted sets and grotesquely angled photography
The influence of German Expressionism, French Impressionism, and Soviet Montage in The Lodger is visible in the Expressionist mise-en-scene, subjective camera work, and montage editing. Expressionist filmmakers used distortion and highly stylized sets, costumes, and makeup, theatrical acting, and chiaroscuro lighting. Also, they favoured studio shooting, which gave them control over the mise-en-scene. Unlike the Expressionists, the Impressionist filmmakers favoured shooting on location.
The 1920’s was a time of vast exploration in many areas of cultural interest. With the introduction of synchronized sound with motion pictures, the film industry experienced a tremendous boom. The advancements of the movie industry during this produced a massive amount of profits. In the entirety of film history, the 1920’s was a time of great innovation and grandeur and was the beginning of many advancements to come.
As we look deeper into the historical contexts that came about in Germany during the 1920’s, Germany was confined due to the isolation the country was experiencing during World War I. During this solitude, the German government banned foreign films. German Expressionism was formed in result of the conclusion of World War I which compelled Germany to establish its own style of cinema. German Expressionist films produced in the Weimar Republic
Abstract Expressionism is making its comeback within the art world. Coined as an artist movement in the 1940’s and 1950’s, at the New York School, American Abstract Expressionist began to express many ideas relevant to humanity and the world around human civilization. However, the subject matters, contributing to artists, were not meant to represent the ever-changing world around them. Rather, how the world around them affected the artist themselves. The works swayed by such worldly influences, become an important article within the artists’ pieces. Subjectively, looking inward to express the artist psyche, artists within the Abstract Expressionism movement became a part of their paintings. Making the paintings more of a representation