Heart Failure : The American Heart Association ( Aha ) / American College Of Cardiology Guidelines1 Essay

Systolic heart failure is characterized by enlarged ventricles that are unable to fully contract to pump enough blood into circulation to adequately perfuse tissues. The enlargement in ventricles is due to an increased end-systolic volume. If the heart is not able to sufficiently pump the expected volume of blood with each contraction, which in a normal healthy heart is 50-60%, there will be a residual volume left in the heart after every pump (Heart Healthy Women, 2012). With the next period of filling, the heart will receive the same amount of blood volume from the atria combined with that residual volume from the previous contraction. This causes the ventricles to have to dilate to accommodate this increase in volume. The dilation causes the walls of the ventricles to stretch and become thin and weak. Also the myocardium, the muscle layer of the heart, will stretch and not be able to adequately make a full and forceful enough contraction to push blood from the ventricles (Lehne, 2010).

Heart Failure is a progressive heart disease when the muscle of the heart is weakened so that it cannot pump blood as it should; the blood backs up into the blood vessels around the lungs and the other parts of the body (NHS Choice, 2015). In heart failure, the heart is not able to maintain a normal range cardiac output to meet the metabolic needs of the body (Kemp and Conte, 2012). Heart failure is a major worldwide public health problem, it is the end stage of heart disease and it could lead to high mortality. At present, heart failure is usually associated with old age, given the dramatic increase in the population of older people (ACCF/AHA, 2013). In the USA, there are about 5.7 million adults who have heart failure, about half of the people die within 5 years of diagnosis, and it costs the nation an estimated $30.7 billion each year (ACCF/AHA, 2013).

After a period of time, the heart muscles of the left ventricle begin to weaken. The weakening of the left ventricle will lead to decreased empting of the heart (systolic heart failure) which results in decreased cardiac output again. Since the left ventricle does not empty completely, blood begins to back up into the left atrium and then to the pulmonary circulation thus resulting in pulmonary congestion and dyspnea (Story 2012, 104). If left untreated, the blood will back up and affect the right side of the heart causing biventricular heart failure (both right and left heart failure). In right sided heart failure, the right ventricle weakens and cannot empty completely. This incomplete emptying causes blood to back up into the systemic circulation causing systemic edema (Lewis et al. 2014, 771).

Heart failure (HF) is defined as a multifaceted clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. In HF, the heart may not provide tissues with adequate blood for metabolic needs, and cardiac-related elevation of pulmonary or systemic venous pressures may result in organ congestion1. In the United States, HF is increasing in incidence with about 5.1 million people suffering from HF and half of people who develop HF die within 5years 2. Over 75% of existing and new cases occurred in individuals over 65 years of age, < 1% in individuals below 60 years, nearly 10% in those over 80 years of age. HF costs the

Heart failure, HF, is a result of one’s heart inefficiently pumping blood out to the body (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper and Bucher, 2014, p.766). A healthy heart will pump blood out of the left and right ventricles rhythmically and simultaneously, creating an even flow of blood from the heart to the pulmonary arteries and the aorta (Lewis et al., 2014, p.769). Someone with heart failure has a ventricular dysfunction in either one or both ventricles; the ventricles are not filling or contracting properly. The failure of one ventricle to properly function leads to an overcompensation of the opposite ventricle as well as a disruption in normal blood flow that leads

CHF stands for congestive heart failure. There are several types of congestive heart failure. There is left sided heart failure which may cause fluid to back up into your lungs which will cause shortness of breath. Right sided heart failure may cause fluid to back up into your abdomen, and other body parts. Systolic heart failure causes the left ventricle can’t contract vigorously, which causes problems with the heart pumping blood. The final type is diastolic heart failure means the left ventricle can’t relax or fill up adequately.

Congestive Heart Failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of the rest of the body (Department of Health & Human Services, 2012). The failure can occur in on either side of the heart. In left-side heart failure, fluid backs up into the lungs, causing shortness of breath, due to the fact that the blood entering the left side of the heart comes from the pulmonary artery, and when the left ventricle cannot pump fluid out of the heart or when the left atrium cannot empty completely into the ventricle it backs up into the lungs. In right-side heart failure, fluid can back up into the abdomen, legs, and feet, causing swelling. The blood being pumped into the right

Congestive heart failure is an older name for heart failure. Congestive heart failure takes place when the heart is unable to maintain an adequate circulation of blood in the bodily tissues or to pump out the venous blood returned to it by the veins (Merriam-Webster). The heart is split into two distinct pumping structures, the right side of the heart and the left side of the heart. Appropriate cardiac performance involves each ventricle to extract even quantities of blood over intervals. If the volume of blood reimbursed to the heart develops more than both ventricles can manage, the heart can no longer be an efficient pump.

Congestive heart failure occurs when your ventricles can not pump enough blood to the body.

hearts can result in heart failure if the opposite side starts to fail. CHF ,(Congestive Heart failure) happens when

The heart’s moves oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium onto the left ventricle which then pumps it to the rest of the body. The left ventricle generates the heart’s pumping power therefore it is larger than the other chambers. In left-sided heart failure, the left side of the heart works harder to pump the same amount of blood that is normally pumped. There are two types of left-sided heart failure- the systolic and the diastolic. In systolic failure, the left ventricle is not able to normally contract and the heart cannot push enough blood into the circulation. In systolic failure, the left ventricle is not able to relax because the muscle has become stiff. As a result, the heart cannot properly fill with blood during resting period between each beat. Right-sided heart failure is another type of heart failure that results from the failure of the left-side. The heart’s pumping action moves blood that returns to the heart though the veins through the right atrium and then onto the right ventricle which pumps the blood back out of the heart into the lungs to be replenished with oxygen. When the left ventricle

Left ventricle failure (LVF) is developed by patients with CHF in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively and so there is a decreased cardiac output. Out of the four chambers that make up the heart the left ventricle is the strongest and thickest one, as it is the main pumping chamber that supplies the

“In the United States alone, 5.8 million Americans have been diagnosed with heart failure” (Mancini & Colombo, 2015, p. 2542). Heart failure is a condition where the heart does not pump as efficiently; therefore, it does not meet the needs of the body. There is a growing number of heart failure patients each year. “More than 300,000 deaths per year are attributed to heart failure, and the annual cost to manage these patients is close to $40 billion” (Mancini & Colombo, 2015, p. 2542). Since the heart failure population is steadily growing in size the progress of therapies and management is continuing to evolve. The greatest improvements have been surgery related. The two major surgical approaches involve heart transplants or receiving a ventricular assist device (Mancini & Colombo, 2015). There are much discussion in regardless to receiving a heart transplant versus a ventricular assist device, destination therapy, as well as future advances in ventricular assist devices.

Heart failure can be caused by many different types of problems in the heart.1-3,5,7-8,11 We all know that the heart itself is responsible for the movement of fluids in the body. And that if the heart fails to function properly, the whole body can be affected in many ways. Heart failure may affect the right side or the left side of the heart.1-3,7-8,11 Hydrostatic pulmonary edema is known as cardiogenic pulmonary

Heart failure is a result of any structural or functional cardiac disorder, leading to an impaired ability of the heart to pump a sufficient circulation to metabolising tissues (Sutherland, 2010). It can also be called “congestive heart failure”, as fluid retention is a common symptom. The main causes of heart failure are ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy and hypertension