In the early 1950s and 1960s, protests were organized by major Civil Rights groups to end Jim Crow laws and gain racial equality and eliminate segregated facilities and the unfair treatment of African-Americans. [1]
Four college students sat down to eat in Greensboro, North Carolina on February 1, 1960 at the Woolworth lunch counter. They were refused service but stayed seated to fight back against the discrimination they were facing. This was a demonstration of peaceful protest that turned into a six month long process of getting the Woolworth lunch counter desegregated. This example of peaceful protests against segregated lunch counters spread nationwide. [3]
Martin Luther King Jr., born Michael King Jr., was born in Atlanta, Georgia on
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Later on, Dr. King was influenced by Henry David Thoreau's Civil Disobedience. Thoreau's essay promoted disobeying the law if given just cause. Dr. King's nonviolent approach was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, who lead a number of peaceful protests in India. [1]
At 18 years old in 1948, Martin Luther King Jr. became a minister in the Ebenezer Baptist Church. Then in 1954, he became a pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. This is where his involvement in the Civil Rights Movement began. [1]
In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested and put into the Birmingham Jail for protesting against segregation in Birmingham, Alabama. Here he wrote the Birmingham Jail letter, which stated that civil rights were God-given rights. He also defended the non-violent strategies he and others used during the Civil Rights Movement. [3]
Martin Luther King Jr.'s goal was economical and social equality for not only African-Americans, but all races. He never used violence when organizing a protest in order to achieve a
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This action prompted the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People to organize bus boycotts in Reverend King's church. In the court case Browder V. Gayle in 1956, segregated buses were determined unconstitutional. The Montgomery Bus Boycotts ended on December 20, 1956. [2]
Martin Luther King Jr.'s nonviolent principles impacted many organizations, such as the Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee. This committee was organized in order to have young voices heard during the civil rights era. [3]
Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska on May 19, 1925. His parents were Reverend Earl Little and Louise Little. Malcolm's father organized for Marcus Garvey, whose teaching was Black race purity. Malcolm X's father's death was suspected to be result of the KKK. Malcolm X dropped out of school in the eighth grade because his teachers told him is goal of being a lawyer was unrealistic. [1]
Malcolm X was greatly influenced by his father, Reverend Earl Little. Reverend Little organized for Marcus Garvey, who pushed for African-Americans to return back to their African roots. Later on, Malcolm X's siblings would also push him to join the Black Muslims while he was in prison in 1944.
The start of King's involvement in the Civil Rights Movement began in 1955 when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger and was jailed. Community leaders formed the Montgomery Improvement Association and asked King to be the leader. The organization would urge blacks to boycott the buses and use other means of transportation. The boycott lasted 381 days. On November 13, 1956 the Supreme Court declared that Alabama's bus segregation was unconstitutional and on December 21, 1956 buses were desegregated. (Michael).
Malcolm X was also a very great leader during the Civil Rights era. His Islamic religion helped influence how he led those who followed his teachings. He was motivated by anger that was created from white men in the past. When he was younger, his mother was threatened to move out of town because his father’s sermons were starting to cause an up roar in the community between blacks and whites. The leadership Malcolm X brought to the community was rejuvenated energy that gave young black men and women the hope to rise above the
Malcolm Little was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. Both of his parents were proclaimed pan africanist and followers of black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. There were also very active in the Universal Negro Improvement Association. When Malcolm was 6 years old, his father was killed by members of a white supremacist group called the Black Legion, mainly because of him involvement with UNIA and his commitment to pan-africanism and the advancement of colored people, which was highly frowned upon during that time. When he was 13 years old, his mother was admitted into a mental health facility after suffering a nervous breakdown. Consequently, Malcolm and his 10 siblings were separated and sent to various foster homes.
Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska to Earl and Louise Little. His father, a minister and devout Christian, was known for being an outspoken follower of the black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Garvey’s message promoted the “back-to-Africa” movement that encouraged African Americans of the time to sever ties with
During the early 1930’s through the mid 1960’s there were many different approaches African American’s took for achieving social changes, and the Civil rights they deserved. Many great African American leader’s such as Martin Luther King Jr, Malcom X, and James Baldwin contributed towards the betterment of blacks living in America. Aside from individual African American leaders there was also groups that fought for black civil rights such as The Black Power Movement, Black Panthers, and Civil Rights Activist. Other events that transpired during this time period had also effected the civil rights movement in America. For instance: The altercation with Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white male ultimately led to The Montgomery Bus boycott protest,
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. (History) He was an activist, a fighter for civil rights, and was destined to a life of serving God as a pastor. His father and grandfather were pastors. He later followed in their footsteps and became the pastor of his father. Along with being involved in the church community he became a non-violent activist for human rights and the black communities during the times of segregation. Because he had graduated from high school, received his Bachelor’s Degree from Morehouse College, and then went on to get his doctorate in systematic theology from Boston University proved that he was a well-educated black man. His education and strong beliefs for his race landed him as a chairman in the NAACP and in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference as president. King sought
Malcolm Little who is famously recognized as Malcolm X was born into a world of hatred on May 19, 1925 in Omaha Nebraska. His father was a freelance Baptist Preacher who incorporated the teaching of Black Nationalist leader
Martin Luther King Jr dedicated his life fighting to end discrimination against African-American men, women, and children. Martin did not believe in violence at all and would use kindness and love as opposed to violence and hate, this would help set the tone of his iconic movement to end racism. Martin was able to prove that a world without violence can be successful. He would be able to establish equal voting rights between the black and white people, and establish that all nations must treat all people equal no matter their skin color.
Malcolm X's life was a life with a lot of conflict and violence in it. Malcolm X was born under the name of Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His father was a baptist minister and an outspoken follower of Marcus Garvey, the black nationalist leader of the 1920s who preached that all blacks should leave the US and go back to Africa.
Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the main leaders in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The boycott was started because Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger and got arrested for not getting up. The Montgomery Bus Boycott lasted for 381 days and put many businesses and bus lines under a great burden from the lack of travelers. The bus boycott finally paid off in November of 1956 when the Supreme court ruled that segregated seating on public bus lines was unconstitutional and that African Americans should be able to sit wherever they wish
MALCOLM X Born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska on May 19, 1925, Malcolm X was the son of a Baptist minister, who was an avid supporter of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association. While living in Omaha, the family was often harassed - at one point the family's house was set afire. In 1929 the
On April 12, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested in Birmingham, Alabama after nine days of peaceful protests, sit-ins, and marches against the current segregation. The same day Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested, eight clergymen published a statement advising African American people to rebuttal their support for Dr. King and his future demonstrations. The clergymen published that Dr. King’s acts had brought hatred to the streets and it was unwise and untimely (Maranzani, 2013). Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter from Birmingham Jail as a response to the clergymen’s statements. In this letter, Martin Luther King Jr. addressed matters of justice and injustice, eschatology, prophecy, and salvation in relevance to religion.
Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska as Malcolm Little to parents Earl and Louise Little. The Littles moved to Lansing, Michigan when Malcolm was an infant due to threats the family received from the Klu Klux Klan. This was because Reverend Earl Little was an early follower of Marcus Garvey, who preached black independance and self-respect (Altman, 197). Reverend Little died when Malcolm was only six years old after being hit by a streetcar. Malcolm always believed that this was a hate crime committed by whites. Many speculate that this is what originally caused Malcolm to distrust whites. Malcolm’s mother, Louise Little, was committed to the State Mental Hospital in Kalamazoo in 1939. Her exact illness is unknown (Mamiya).
Martin Luther King, Jr.’s leadership of the modern American Civil Rights Movement, from December, 1955 till to April 4, 1968, African Americans accomplished more genuine progress toward racial equality in America than the previous 350 years had produced. Dr. King is broadly regarded as America’s pre-eminent advocate of nonviolence and one of the greatest nonviolent leaders in world history. Drawing inspiration from both his Christian faith and the peaceful teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. Dr. King led a "nonviolent movement" in the late 1950’s and ‘60s to accomplish legal equality for African-Americans in the United States. While others were supporting for liberty by “any means necessary,” including violence, but Martin used the power of words and acts of nonviolent resistance, such as protests, grassroots organizing, and civil disobedience to achieve seemingly-impossible goals. He went to lead similar campaigns against poverty and international conflict, always preserving loyalty to his principles that men and women everywhere, regardless of color or creed, are equal members of the human family
The Civil Rights Movement played a very important role for African Americans in the Unites States. In the early 1960s The Civil Rights Movement was unified to end racial segregation and discrimination. African Americans still lived in an unequal world of disenfranchisement, segregation and injustice, like race inspired violence. many Americans united together across color lines to protest the racism and discrimination that existed in the United States. During the 1950s and the early 1960s, Martin Luther King, Jr. became an important leader of the Civil Rights Movement. He advocated non-violent protest. He believed that people of all races would look favorably on a movement that encouraged peace and equality and did not meet injustice with violence. King's peaceful message attracted thousands of supporters of all races who agreed that segregation and the lack of rights for African Americans could not continue. But some of the African Americans became frustrated and began to reject the calls for non-violent protests. They wanted changes to occur much more