How Does Dymorphism Affect Body Growth?

Keeping the experiment isolated on the focus of body size is as simple as not changing any other variables concerning the experiment. Therefore, predator number, predator size, habitat type, and any other possible variable in the experiment that is not body size will be kept as consistent and identical throughout the groups and replicable tests as

The alligator is one of the largest living reptiles today. In North America, they inhabit freshwater swamps or wetlands in the south, from Texas to North Carolina. Distinguishing features include the fourth mandibular tooth, the long, broad snout, and the thick, scaly skin. Like some other reptiles, alligators have temperature-dependent sex determination, which is a non-genetic way of determining the sex ratio of offspring produced. Unlike other reptiles, alligators exhibit parental care; they nest-guard, and even offer evidence of maternal care for juveniles after hatching. Through the reviewing of multiple experiments conducted on Alligator mississippiensis, evidence is provided for the temperature-dependent mode of sexing and maternal

If the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, the chi-square test was unable to detect a statistically significant difference between observed and expected data. When applying this test to the stickleback experiment, the development of pelvic structures will be compared in order to accept or reject the null hypothesis. If it is rejected, the alternate hypothesis is correct- the environment did have an impact on the development of the pelvic spines, proving that natural selection can drive the evolution not just of simple traits like coat color or body size, but also of complex traits like the size and shapes of body structures and

The purpose of the research was to formulate a question and develop a hypothesis based on the variations observed between two populations of threespine stickleback, in order to gain a better understanding of natural selection

In the article, "Comparison of the pelves of Sts 14 and AL 288-1: implications for birth and sexual dimorphism in australopithecines" by Martin Hausler & Peter Schmid discussed the difference between Sts 14 and AL 288-1 could either be sexual dimorphism or as species differences, or even both (Hausler 379). Sexual dimorphic is determined by the differences in birth canal dimensions as well as sexually dimorphic characteristics (Hausler 379). If AL 288-1 was a female, she would have had to give birth to a child with a neonatal brain size (Hausler 380). Delivery in AL 288-1 would have been more complicated than in modern humans (Hausler 380). Body size dimorphism would increase the average neonatal head size because cranial capacities are accessible for craniums of small sized individuals and neonatal brain size is dependent on the species mean as opposed to the species maternal brain volume (Hausler 380).

In site one, where the Parahomo fracticranius was discovered, it can be assumed that the habitat for the species was an open grassland due to the fact that other fossils of animals that lived in the area were grazers. Since there were 14 remains of both male and female sexes, it can be assumed that the P. fracticranius lived in a large multi-male, multi-female system. Based on the lectures from class, it is known that for most cases, multi-male, multi-female environments result in polypoly mating (Atkisson Lecture: Primate mating systems and primate evo). Therefore, it can be assumed that the P. fracticranius not only engaged in polypoly mating, but they also had some sexual dimorphism and large testes. The evidence that supports the sexual dimorphism claim can be seen when the body size of the female and male are compared since the male’s body size is 41 kg larger than the female’s.

* 3 to 5 times more inclined to get growth of the mouth, neck and3 to 10 times

Observe skull sample and record the overall skull size, shape of forehead, supraorbital ridge, mastoid process, orbital shape, nuchal area and occipital protuberance and chin shape. Compare your observations with the information in lab book’s (table 8.1) characteristics to determine sex of the skull.

According to Ming's study, which was a complete study of the life history of grass pickerel in Oklahoma, females weighed more and grew to longer lengths than males did over the 4 years this study was conducted. Specifically, females were averaged to weigh 127g, 197g, 248g, and 306g in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years of the study respectively, whereas males were averaged to weigh 123g, 195g, and 235g in the same time period. Although there is no data for male weights in the 4th year, we can follow the data trends and assume they are smaller than the females as well. The total lengths of male and female grass pickerel follow the same trend; Females in age group III (meaning they are 3 years old, determined by scale method, measuring the rings on the scales on the body) had average lengths of 140mm, 203mm, and 245mm through years 1-3 respectively. Similar to the weight trend, males tended to be smaller than the females through the same time period, with average lengths of 132mm, 194mm, 235mm (Ming,

The males were typically seen to be taller in height than the females, but with each member having a different height the trait can vary among offspring. If the environment demands for taller offspring then it will naturally select for that trait among individuals,

       Overtime, the size of the cranium has changed. With that being the case, the size of the cranium changed due to the better nutrition received. On a different note, the width of the pelvis changed. Thus, the width of the pelvis changed due to a genus homo's bipedality. Therefore, a genus homo's bipedality determines their ability to walk, run, and create tools in oder to survive.

The analysis of sexual dimorphism is a major component to understanding human variation. Sexual dimorphism can be defined as the morphological, genetic, and hormonal differences that allow for distinction between the male and female sexes. The degree to which these traits manifest varies between and within population groups. Most commonly observed traits of sexual dimorphism are portrayed through major and secondary sexual organs, which are composed of soft tissues. In bioarchaeological and forensic settings, decomposition and taphonomic damage renders soft tissue unreliable, the hard tissues which compose bone and teeth remain intact. Though skeletal remains also endure taphonomic damage, due to their rigidity they are able to maintain overall structure and shape and are frequently recovered despite unfavorable conditions.

Sexual dimorphism is the physical differences between males and females of the same species. (Example: color, size, shape, etc.) The Dilophosaurus were described as 10 feet tall and spotted with black and yellow. The underbellies were bright green and the crests were red and black striped and formed a “V” shape. At the scene in the book, Dr. Grant, Lex, and Tim were floating down river and two Dilophosaurus stood at the river bank up ahead. Dr. grant realized that the two Dilophosaurus were performing a mating ritual (Which contradicts what was stated in the book earlier since the Dilophosaurus was not a breed that contained frog DNA and so the Dilophosaurus can’t have changed genders to mate.) when he noticed some sexual dimorphism. One of the Dilophosaurus was described as smaller in size . The spots were smaller and the crest was duller as well. “Standing on the riverbank were two dilophosaurs. The ten-foot-tall bodies were spotted yellow and black. Underneath, the bellies were bright green, like lizards. Twin red curving crests ran along the top of the head from the eyes to the nose, making a V shape above the head...Grant noticed that the animal on the right was smaller, with smaller spots on its back, and its crest was a duller red- “I’ll be damned,” he said. “It’s a mating ritual.” ”(Michael Crichton, Jurassic Park- 1990, Google Pdf-page 122) There is no evidence to support sexual dimorphism. There

Dabbs, conducted a study based on sex determination using the scapula in New Kingdom skeletons from Tell El-Amarna.in this project descriptive statistics for the five variables included (Maximum length of the scapula, Maximum length of the spine, Breadth of infraspinous body, Height of glenoid prominence, Breadth of glenoid prominence, which shown the mean and standard deviation of both sexes as well as the t- values for both sexes(15).

Sexual dimorphism, favoring larger sized females, initially offered a theory as to why females exhibited cannibalistic behavior. Sexual cannibalism is where a counterpart eats his/hers potential sexual partner prior, during or after copulation. This is typically seen in female arthropods. It was once thought that females who