How Does Kingma (1993) Discusses For A Nonprofit Organization Be Sustain?

ReferencesRobert D. H. & Associates (2005). THE JOSSEY-BASS HANDBOOK OF NONPROFIT LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The diversity of nonprofit organizations, services provided and the problems faced shows that nonprofits require leadership with an in-depth understanding of the multifaceted nonprofit landscape. Understanding the culture of nonprofit work is also crucial and much easier to understand once you have been through a nonprofit management program. My career interests lead me towards an avocation of a deeper knowledge of strategic management/planning, legal structure and standards, increase my skills in quantitative analysis of policy, financial governance and developing fundraising strategies. These areas allow for macro management within the nonprofit

Most nonprofit agencies follow the same management structure. The structure normally consists of a vertical hierarchal structure with the chief executive manager at the helm, and divisional leaders rounding out the strategic leadership team. Since 9/11, then government shutdowns, multiple wars, natural disasters, and the government sequester, the challenge to most nonprofits is to compete for every available charitable dollar. Chief Executive Officers (CEO) of nonprofits must not only be skillful in maximizing the outcomes with fewer dollars, but also politically savvy in vying for monies for federal, state, local, foundation, and private funding sources.

At the center of any successful nonprofit organization there is an effective chief executive and board of directors. These leaders must work as a team with a vision and specific skills, to effectively produce resources in order to accomplish the organization's goals. The majority of the decision making authority and leadership is shared amongst board members; however, critical management skills and day-to-day operational decisions rest within the authority of the chief executive. However, members of the board must also be sufficiently skilled in management in order to assess the work of its director to assist in the implementation and evaluation of strategic decision making.

The nonprofit sector in America is a reflection some of the foundational values that brought our nation into existence. Fundamentals, such as the idea that people can govern themselves and the belief that people should have the opportunity to make a difference by joining a like-minded group, have made America and its nonprofit sector what it is today. The American "civil society" is one that has been produced through generations of experiments with government policy, nonprofit organizations, private partnerships, and individuals who have asserted ideas and values. The future of the nonprofit sector will continue to be experimental in many ways. However, the increase of professional studies in nonprofit management and the greater

The variety of resources available for financing nonprofits may seem overwhelming and unmanageable, especially to someone looking in form the outside. The publication Financing Nonprofits: putting theory into practice (Young, 2007) addresses not only the variety of resources that are available but also the challenges of managing multiple revenue sources. This paper presents a brief reflection on some of the ideas presented in the publication.

Net assets are defined as “the difference between an organization’s assets and liabilities.” For nonprofit organizations, net assets are related to an organization’s ability to borrow funds. Tuckman and Chang (1991) found nonprofit organizations less likely to alter their programs and mission, following a financial shock, if they can leverage their net assets. An operating margin, or surplus, is “the difference between an organization’s revenue and expenses, divided by its total revenue.” A Nonprofit organization holding a great surplus can readily operate at a reduced surplus following a financial shock – allowing it not to alter any programs. The third factor for nonprofit financial vulnerability is revenue concentration. Revenue concentration is “the proportion of income an organization receives from its various sources of revenue.” Nonprofit organizations who receive many sources of revenue can better withstand the impact of a financial shock than those with little sources of revenue. After a financial shock, nonprofit organizations, along with all businesses, will try to cut down expenses. Woronkowicz (2016) states “administrative costs are preferred to those to program

1. Connors, T. D. (2001). The Nonprofit Handbook. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [US].

Nonprofit organizations broadly described operate to achieve missions that serve the common good. Graduate study in the field of nonprofit management focuses on the development of leadership skills for nonprofit managers and provides education in areas such as general operations, human resources, strategies, and fund development (Nachmias, 2008). Students of nonprofit management also develop proficiency in other matters such as nonprofit legal issues, organizational development, donor relations, financial management and fund-raising, volunteer, and human resource management, and pro-gram evaluation, to name a few competencies (Nachmias, 2008).Many nonprofit management programs have a theoretical component, and most programs rely on experiential learning as a vital element of a graduate student’s education. Future studies of community impact should include analysis components from the fields of nonprofit management education, service learning, capacity building, and nonprofit evaluation, and take into consideration specific factors that may affect study outcomes.

Nonprofit entity may assume a critical part in income broadening from an administration point of

The journey toward updating nonprofit financial reporting began in 2011 when the accounting board met to analyze ways to implement reforms that would make the function of accounting in nonprofit organizations more transparent. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) hoped to cover many areas concerning access to funds by nonprofit organizations in order to give insight to the actual funds groups have at their disposal at any time. Public accountability and transparency dictates that the access to funds is a very major aspect of financial reporting for institutions. For instance, a group of university alumni may decide to donate funds for scholarships, whereas others could give money for the construction of a facility

In a nonprofit organization, managers are concerned with “generating some social impact” (Daft, 2013). Stakeholders for nonprofit organizations include the community, taxpayers, the government, private donors, employees, and volunteers. Each one of these stakeholders poses a challenge for managers. For instance, in a nonprofit organization, there is a “continual struggle to pursue vital social missions in the face of

Nonprofit organizations have several functions, and not each one is alike. Essential to all non-profit organizations are four functions: planning, budgeting, funding and management.

Financially healthy nonprofits use income-based, rather than budget-based spending which allows them to have income projections that are realistic and helps to determine realistic costs (Zietlow, Seidner, 2014). The most successful nonprofit should have an operating reserve to finance shortfalls and hopefully allows them to have a positive cash flow at the end of the year (Zietlow, Seidner, 2014). However, most nonprofit organizations fight to manage cash flow due to how income and the expenses often may occur at different times, so that there may not be enough cash to pay for the expenses as they become due and payable (Zietlow, Seidner, 2014).

Revenue diversification is the act of gaining revenue from many different sources in order to reduce exposure or risk of losing a large part of revenue if one source changes. The fact that so many revenue sources exist for nonprofit organizations is a positive trend that can help nonprofit organizations remain balanced. Financial balance, helps by ensuring that nonprofits do not become too dependent on any one source of revenue. One thing that is consistent with today’s economic environment is the fact that things are subject to quickly change, and this can impact revenue given to nonprofits. If an organization is planning to give a certain amount to a nonprofit partner, but economic trends change budget cuts could cause the nonprofit to gift to be lowered or cut altogether. This is where revenue diversification comes into play. By gaining revenue from differing sources nonprofit firms seek to not be dependent on environmental conditions such as economic trends, donor