Majdanek was a German concentration camp in Lublin and initiated by Heinrich Himmler. Himmler scouted Lublin and entrusted the Lublin SS and police to build a camp for twenty-five to fifty thousand inmates, or slave labor. The size of the camp was modified a few times with the camp and inmates being enlarged each time. On March 23rd, 1942 the general plan put into action and called for one hundred and fifty thousand inmates and prisoners of war. Thereby Majdanek was to become the largest camp in occupied Europe. However, economic difficulties and failures on the eastern front prevented the full realization of these plans. The camp consisted of three sectors: the SS segment, the administration section and the prisoner area. The prisoner’s area made up of five fields with wooden barracks as the accommodation for inmates. Because of the poor construction, sanitation, and overcrowded population, the death rate was high. The shortage of water, food, clothes and medicine made for even worse conditions. One of the fields was a camp for women, which helped living conditions a little. There were intentions for a camp for the children, however, this never happened, children were already prisoners of the camp. Prisoners came from 30 countries. Polish citizens and Jews made up most of the population. The Soviets and Czech Republic were dense in the camp as well. A small percentage of other nationalities made up inmates as well. In the first period of the camp’s operation most of the
The quality of life on the Relief camps were horrible .Majority of the men working on these camps were broke and tired farm boys. These men were treated like salves. They would receive 20 cents a day for manual labor. A few of their tasks would include: widening a trail, putting in a culvert, or cutting and stacking wood. These jobs were very physically demanding and stressful on the body. The camps were run by the Department of National Defence, so the workers were under “army law”. So, the people in charge could say or do whatever they wanted. An 18 year-old who experienced a relief camp said “{We} were treated like dirt”. The only semi-positive thing about these relief camps were that they kept the workers well
Here the girls had a relatively easy time, working at looms from 7 A.M. to 6 P.M. They were even given Sundays off, a very rare occurrence in many camps. Here Klein wrote skits to entertain Frau Kügler and the other girls at the camp. She considered it one of her greatest accomplishments because, “the knowledge that it was in my power to bring them an hour of fun, to help them forget”(Klein 141), made her smile. From here, Ilse and Klein had luck on their side and stayed together as they headed to Märzdorf. This camp was very disorganized and became quite brutal on Klein. On one of the first few days there Klein was working in the factory when a supervisor tried to get her to sleep with him, “ ‘Perhaps bread and butter,’ he suggested. ‘Apples, sausage, warm soup.’ … ‘And for all that, I don’t want much from you’”(Klein 148). When Klein refused him he responded with, “You will be sorry!”(Klein 148), and this she was. He made her time at this camp torture by having her work both the morning and night shift. Leaving Märzdorf, Klein, Ilse and ten other girls were taken to Landeshut, where they were to work in a weaving mill. Here they were placed near a men’s camp and though the work was difficult they were much happier here than they had been in Märzdorf. At the men’s camp nearby Abek was working. Klein was lucky enough to be allowed to sneak visits and see him now and again. In May of 1944, the girls were transferred again, this time to Grünberg. Here, they worked in a factory in the spinning-room. The girls working in this room were x-rayed every month to search for tuberculosis and those that did not pass their screenings were sent directly to Auschwitz. After working here for quite some time the war had progressed and they were to be transferred again. Now, the train was not to be taken, but they were to walk, “We took the first step. I thought: I am marching to death or
In this camp stayed many people. Most of the people in this section were considered “ill, but curable”. Due to their health conditions these people didn't work, when the others had to. The camp mainly consisted of women or other prisoners who had just been traveling in tight train cars. Many got ill after traveling for days like this.
The sleeping conditions for jew were in terrible conditions. “Several hundred three-tier wooden bunk beds were installed in each building” (“Auschwitz…”) The barracks were highly populated with rats and other vermin. There were straw mattresses for people who had abdominal issues (“Auschwitz…”). To many who
On October 1,1941 a death camp in Poland called Majdanek was officially announced to be open to the Jews caught by the nazi police or sent from other camps.Majdanek death camp was made up of two gas chambers using Zyklon-B,144 barracks divided in five section for older people,children,and extermination.And 2.7 kilometers surrounded by an electrified wired fence and watchtowers.Construction on the camp was still going on in October 1941 with the arrival of 2,000 Soviet prisoners of the war.The SS also brought Jewish from the Lipowa Street camp located in Lublin to help construct Majdanek.
In the month of March 1933, one of the first camps, Dachau, was opened. Dachau was a concentration camp, or a prison camp maintained by the Third Reich, [the name for Germany when the government was controlled by Adolf Hitler]. Aside these concentration camps was two other types of camps; labor camps, and death camps. A main concentration camp was Theresienstadt. Theresienstadt was located in what is now known as the Czech Republic. More than 150,000 were kept there for months until being sent to their deaths in Treblinka and Auschwitz death camps. The people in
Imagine yourself going back to 1939 in World War 2 to Majdanek, a terrifying Nazi concentration camp in Judlin, Germany. Majdanek was different from most concentration camps, one by their location, two they had allowed more privileges to the prisoners then most camps, three Majdanek was the first concentration camp to be discovered by allied forces.
I chose the concentration camp Treblinka, it was established in November of 1941. With the support of the SS and Police Leader for District Warsaw in “Generalgouvernement”, SS and police authorities established a forced-labor camp for Jews (Treblinka). Later on it became Treblinka I. In addition to it being a labor camp, it also served as a “Labor Education Camp” for non-Jewish Poles, who the Germans believed to have violated labor discipline. Jewish and Polish prisoners were put into separate compounds of the camp, and deployed at forced labor. The killing center known as Treblinka II was completed in July of 1942, about a mile from the Treblinka I, and a rail spur was added that led from Treblinka I to Treblinka II. The Treblinka camp
In March of 1933, the Nazis opened the gates to what would be the beginning of a living for hell for over 180,000 people and the beginning of the end for over 28,000 of those people (“Dachau”, 2014). Gates marked with the words “Arbeit macht Frei”, or “work makes freedom” or “work liberates”, led to Dachau, the first concentration camp instated during the Holocaust. Although there is much known about Dachau and concentration camps in general, there is still some intrigue surrounding the first concentration camp. This paper aims to focus on and look Dachau’s purpose, it’s inhabitants, and it’s happenings and the legacy it has left behind.
Concentration camps were first conducted by Nazi Germany in 1933 and continued into 1945. The camps were established immediately after Adolf Hitler became chancellor and was given, which seemed to be, complete power over Germany. “The term concentration camp refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to the legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy.” When entering the camps the prisoners were sent to the registration, men and women were separated with children remaining with their mothers. Families were disconnected from each other and were left to envision the awful conditions their loved ones were faced with. Human dignity was immediately taken away from the female prisoners; their hair was instantly shaved from their bodies and clothing was exchanged for rags, their personal identity was abolished. Many women accounted that the loss of their hair was one of the most devastating experiences they were faced with in the camps, even more devastating than having their breasts and genitals exposed to unwanted viewers. “My hair was part of me, it kept me different from the other girls, it was degradation for a woman to lose her hair.” With the embarrassment of losing their hair, women also had to suffer from men shaving their private
In 1940, Auschwitz was built in the city of Oswiecim (Auschwitz-Birkenau: History & Overview). During the beginning, the camp was originally used to simply scare Poles who disagreed with the German Rule. It later became the general network for all of the concentration camps. The camp had an immense display and could hold numerous inmates. “Together this complex was the largest of all the Nazi death camps across Europe and could hold upwards of 150,000 inmates at any given time” (Auschwitz-Birkenau: History & Overview).
When the prisoners first arrived, they had their belongings taken away, head shaved, sprayed with disinfectants and were tattooed with a number on their left arm. The Jew specifically had yellow uniform to distinguish them from the rest. The living conditions were very harsh and extreme but it depended on what camp they were in. One of the most highly recognisable camp, was the on situated in Auschwitz, this camp especially, was filled with diseases and epidemics due to appalling living conditions. For example, the prisoners lived in several hundred three-tier wooden bunk beds in old barracks, due to an overcrowding within the basements and lofts. Over 700 people were assigned to each barrack and it has no sanitary facilities. The poor living
Life in these labor camps is pure misery and the people in there are many times treated worse than animals.They are fed very small portions of cornmeal and cabbage three times a day everyday causing about forty percent of prisoners to die from starvation.() All they are given in the prison camp is one set of clothes, without any socks, underwear or personal hygiene products. Day in, day out all prisoners wake up before sunrise and go to work all day until the guards say it’s time for them to go to sleep.Prisoners that had their family with them were allowed to live with their families as a reward for hard work in a small single roomed house without running water. Those who did not have their family with them and are in there
There were six main concentration camps, Auschwitz, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka. Through the years of 1942 to 1945, millions of Jews from Poland were murdered. Treblinka and Belzec were strictly known as death camps, yet Auschwitz has the most casualties. Directly upon arriving at Auschwitz, 80% were killed, around 900,000 people in total. According to Jerzy Lukowski’s A Concise History of Poland, out of the whole 3 million Jewish population in Poland, only about 10% survived the
A lesser known camp, Westerbork, is located in the Netherlands. This concentration camp was known as a Transit camp, which meant it wasn’t the end of the line for the prisoners that arrived there. These camps were a temporary accommodation for the