Hudson James Bay Case Study

The Chesapeake Bay is a 200-mile-long estuary extending from Norfolk, VA to Havre de grace Maryland. On average this bay contains about 68 trillion liters of water. This bay is the largest estuary in North America. It inhabits more than 3,000 species of plants, animals, and fish. “Since the early twentieth century, the Chesapeake Bay has experienced serious environmental degradation. Problems include large reductions in sea grass, reduced amounts of finfish and shellfish (especially oysters and crab), seasonal depletions in dissolved oxygen, and increases in sedimentation.” (Atkins & Anderson, 2003) These changes are brought on by pollution (Eutrophication and Toxic Contamination), development, deforestation, and agriculture. And according

It is their home, their thriving place. According to the National WIldlife Federation, ¨The Bay supports 3,600 species of plant and animal life, including more than 300 fish species and 2,700 plant types.”. Not only does the wildlife depend on the bay, but humans do as well. The Chesapeake Bay contains a 64,000-square-mile watershed, this watershed provides large amounts of drinking water for us in Maryland, along with several other states. Everyday, the condition of the water declines, meaning the home for wildlife and our drinking water does too. The Chesapeake Bay Foundation pointed out that, ¨Toxic chemicals are constantly entering the Chesapeake Bay and its rivers and streams via wastewater, agriculture, stormwater, and air pollution. These harmful chemicals, such as mercury, PCBs, and PAHs, do not break down easily and persist in the environment for many years, impacting not just fish and birds, but humans as well.¨. How important does the restoration of the bay sound

Scientists and researchers began giving a large volume of effort and look into the extremely complex problems that face the Chesapeake Bay. When research for the improving and saving of the Bay’s overall health began it seemed very simple and there were only a couple of problems. The problems included nutrients from agricultural runoff; these nutrients were phosphorus and nitrogen. The combination of the nutrients in the Bay caused a large volume of algae that choked some of the marine life. While bringing in algae the nutrients also killed grasses on the seafloor. These seafloor bed grasses that once covered more than half of the Chesapeake Bay’s floor now only covered a tenth of their original area. Though the estuary was having problems it did not receive the terrible pollution from industries that many large rivers and lakes do in other urban areas (Brown, p. 397).

The immigrants that settled the colonies of Chesapeake Bay and New England came to the New World for two different reasons. These differences were noticeable in social structure, economic outlook, and religious background. As the colonies were organized the differences were becoming more and more obvious and affected the way the communities prospered. These differences are evident from both written documents from the colonists and the historical knowledge of this particular period in time.

In order to help save the Bay some changes need to be made, human activity must change, the Bays health needs to become a higher priority and the steps that could be taken to restore the health of the Bay need to be discussed.

The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. About half of the Bay’s water volume comes from salt water from the Atlantic Ocean. The other half drains into the Bay from its enormous 64,000-square-mile watershed. Estuaries are among the most productive environments on earth, creating more organic matter each year than similarly-sized forests and agricultural areas. Estuaries also provide diverse habitats for wildlife and aquatic life, protect our communities against flooding, reduce pollution of waterways, and support local economies through commercial and recreational activities. Thousands of species

An estuary system is “the resulting collisions of sweet and salt-fresh river water flowing seaward and ocean water inland.” It is an aquatic system where salt and freshwater are constantly mixing. An estuary system is one of most active systems of the planet; it is a hybrid system that contains the best and worst qualities of the ocean, river, and lake systems it conglomerates. Estuaries are unique in nature because of their ability to be the most productive ecosystem on the entire planet; humans have attempted and failed to reach the productivity that estuaries naturally grant. There productivity lies it the constant change that occurs from the conflicting flows of fresh and ocean water. Ocean and freshwater are measured largely based on salinity, or the level of parts of salt per thousand. Ocean water usually

April 30, 1971, Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa proposed plans to create the idea of Hydro-Quebec. This would be a state-run electric company, taking a hydro-electric strategy that would dam many Northern Quebec rivers and in turn open the opportunity for thousands of jobs. It would also open the opportunity for Quebec to get a new trade base for Quebec to surplus power for export and would attract investment in exposed industries.

One of the main reasons English citizens moved to America was the prospect of freedom from from religious persecution. Many colonies were founded solely to be a safe haven for religious minorities. For instance, Massachusetts was founded by a segment of extreme Puritans called, in hopes of practice their religion without being harassed. The Separatists believed the Church of England maintained too many similarities with the Catholic Church, and it was their job, as saints, to purify it. Their religious beliefs angered many people, especially King James, who was the head of the Church of England at that time. A large group of the Separatists settled in Massachusetts, hoping to practice their religious beliefs without harassment. The Massachusetts Bay Puritans created a very particular society which incorporated their cherished beliefs into the foundation

As a result of the Christopher Columbus’ first voyage to the ‘New World,’ it was soon bombarded by wealth seeking explorers and conquistadors from all over Europe. The Spanish explorers first came and soon the English, but it wasn’t until 1607 that English colonization began with the settlement of Jamestown. Jamestown was not a perfect establishment at first, it failed but through many attempts it strived. Similar to the attempts needed to make Jamestown successful, following colonies had to establish their own beliefs and systems. Prior to 1700, both the Massachusetts and Virginia colonies were essential to the growth of English development by achieving economic growth through indentured servitude and later, slaves. Massachusetts made way for a more peaceful, diverse and respectful colony as Chesapeake Bay was violent and mainly centered around the separation of whites and heathens, achieving a ‘safer’ colony.

As the Quakers branched out from England in the 1650s, they brought with them to the Massachusetts Bay Colony an engrained eschatological belief of millennialism that was only further strengthened as they faced increasing religious persecution while in the Colony. Yet just a few years after the persecution, and cases of martyrdom, the Quakers began to shift their dogmatic principles from those emphasizing the impending end times, to messages of pacifism and peace. The wars of the Three Kingdoms in the mid-seventeenth century and religious intolerance of the Massachusetts Bay Colony served the Quakers’ claims of an eschatological end. This emphasis was then foregone with the intervention of British Imperial authorities forced religious tolerance in the colonies after 1660, which then gave an authoritative support for an emerging emphasis on pacifism by the Quaker witnesses in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. This shifting religious emphases of Quaker doctrine can be illustrated as having been directly affected by the role British imperial authorities in the North American Colonies.

The world is consuming more than it can produce. In order to produce the amount that we use, requires a lot of waste to be made. Industrial production produces industrial waste. With the amount of waste being produced it is effecting the environment, especially the water and food supply. Everyone is a polluter and everyone abuses the environment.

First time I visited to hudson river wetlab pier 40 in New York City in my life. I did not knew too much information about the river before I left to hudson river. I saw many fishes to hudson river and hudson estuary also hosts many migratory fishes, such as atlantic sturgeon, american shad, and striped bass that fish live the few months or years of their lives in a fresh water and before they swimming out into the atlantic they do mature. As a adults of fishes they have to return to the river only to spawn. Hudson river also they have many different kind of animals as well such as diamondback terrapin, megan lorenz, chesapeake bay oysters, bald eagle, atlantic sturgeon, and red salamander, so on. One thing that, I heard from the women she was saying that the atlantic sturgeon is the hudson largest fish, that often reaching lengths of five to eight feet and in addition, it is anadromous females fish and

The Hudson’s Bay Company is a global retailer who has been around since 1670, making them the oldest company in North America. HBC is known for their department stores, with more than 480 stores and over 66,000 employees worldwide. In 2016, HBC had $3.3 billion sales in Canada, $6.4 billion in North America, and $4.8 billion sales in Europe. HBC also has a popular e-commerce site which was launched in 2000. In North America and Europe, HBC has 10 banners which are Hudson’s Bay, Lord & Taylor, Saks Fifth Avenue, Gilt, Saks OFF 5TH, Find @ Lord & Taylor, Home Outfitters, GALERIA Kaufhof, Galeria INNO, and Sportarena. These banners had a digital sales growth of 16.6% in 2016.

The CoA LTER aims to better understand how high-latitude marine ecosystems will be affected by future ocean change, particularly changes associated with glacial discharge and ocean acidification. Kachemak Bay, Alaska, is the ideal high-latitude model system to conduct this research because of its 1) wealth of existing data, 2) existing infrastructure (the Kasitsna Bay Laboratory), 3) high productivity and biological diversity, 4) susceptibility to climate change (in particular, glacial melt and increasing acidification), 5) link to the open ocean environment of the Gulf of Alaska, and 6) importance to fisheries and to subsistence communities. The existing environmental and