Human Genetics

Another supplementary argument can be made on the topic of medical advancements made possible through the cloning process, mankind will be provided with organs and cells with which human’s lives will be saved. If a person needs an organ transplant the normal means of transplantation would involve the removal of an organ from another person. This organ could be rejected and many complications could arise, often with deadly repercussions. Human cloning would involve using the person’s own cells that could be cloned to produce a healthy, normal organ for use in the person. Through this process, there would be no

With that comes the pros about cloning and why we should do it. There's a lot of reason why for example, it can help the LGBT community by providing a child without having to use a sperm donor. Which is crazy I know but makes a lot of sense because the LGBT community gives everything to have a child but they can't really have one together from the same parents. Well cloning came up with a idea that they should try to cloning a child for that lesbian couple and they did do it. Which that really gives everyone hope because we can grow together. In Article “Argument for and Against Creating Human Clones” in paragraph three on the third sentence it state that “Human cloning could allow parents of a child who died to seek redress for their loss”. That means that instead of just cry about your love ones who died you can just clone it. It really opens a big door for us and how we see and view things. It gives us hope about our future and what it might become. Did you notice that the quote said it “Could allow” it didnt really say it was already done or it can be done. Which leaves a huge cap there, Cloning is not good for anyone it take everything away from us humans as well as the meaning of us living.

The concept of human cloning is highly controversial and has many gray areas. A lot of this controversy is caused by a misunderstanding about how human cloning actually works. The main cause of the lack of knowledge and understanding about the subject of cloning is the unrealistic depiction of cloning and Hollywood cliches that are presented by popular culture. A lot of myths arise from sci-fi movies such as The Sixth Day. In this specific movie there is the classic evil sociopath scientist consolidating power and using science immorally to aid his campaign, the human body chamber/artificial fish tank womb, the carbon copy clone that has the exact same looks and memories as the original person, and a whole

“Human well-being is not a random phenomenon. It depends on many factors - ranging from genetics and neurobiology to sociology and economics. But, clearly, there are scientific truths to be known about how we can flourish in this world” (Sam Harris). Even before humans gave formal thought to classification, there were innate differences by gender regarding the roles that defined an individual. While the world progressed, these societal roles and stereotypes persisted, often trapping males and females into presumed roles. In an investigation into human genetics, it will be proven that in today’s society the genetic advantages of males have largely become obsolete, whereas the genetic advantages of females have persevered and flourished.

Many people believe that cloning for reproductive reasons is morally wrong. They believe that making a clone of a human would eliminate one's individuality. The clone would look the same and have the same DNA but it would have to go through the same life experiences to think, act and have the same personality. “Many people think that these clones will have the same characteristics / personalities as the person cloned. Although clone and cloned individual have the same genes, traits and personalities are different”(chsjournal.org). Although one may share genes with someone else it would be near

Psychologists believe that the cloned individual will feel unbearable emotional complications and pressure, as they reach their teenage years (Dixon, 2007). During our teenage years will all begin to figure out who we are, our likes, dislikes, preferences, how we want to act, and what we want to believe in. Thirteen years old to twenty years old are some of the most crucial years of our lives as we can finally begin to identify who we are as a person. A cloned individual is not going to be able to act the same way as the person they were cloned to look like, and the clone may not be able to fully ever identify the type of individual they are. The reasoning a clone is going to have so many issues in trying to find their identity is because they are not going to be able to tell as to how they are meant to act. A clone will not know if they are supposed to act and have the same demeanor as the person they were cloned to be, or as to whether they are able to create their own personality and identity (Dixon, 2007). Emotional risks of cloning do not end here, as many families want to clone their deceased children in order to feel a sense of

Our well-being and health is an important issue that can be affected by our genotypes. There are many disease and disorders that are affected by our genes. Our genes and DNA are often subjected to mutations. The mutation can cause misshapen or missing protein that lead to diseases such as cystic fibrosis and Tay-Sachs disease. These diseases can be hard on a person and force them to make difficult choices in their lives like how they may choose not to have children who have the potential of also gain the disease. They must choose what treatments to get if there are treatments and live with it all their lives. Choices that many do not have to take simply because their genes were successful enough to not produce a mutation. This can be stressful

With misconceptions of cloning, it is no wonder controversies are preeminent, with many claiming the benefits are unable to be outweighed by the cons. With clones being unable to be differentiated from a natural born child. Socrates, a greek philosopher once said,” there is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.” We as a society must enable artificial cloning to gain more funding, as the medical implications alone can save lives, save families, and stop suffering of those in

Replicating a human is a topic that a handful of individuals feel very strongly for. Copying a human’s DNA can potentially be a means of reproducing for a couple that may not be able to have children. On the other hand, copying a human’s DNA can take away the individuality of a person. Although I am always taking into account other individual’s perspectives, human cloning is something that I feel is unjust. Human cloning is fallacious and immoral due to lack of positive results and lack of liberty to the individual being duplicated. In this paper, I will discuss why human cloning should no longer be considered a means of reproducing and also discuss why the numbers themselves should deter someone from wanting to be cloned. As Leon R. Kass

It can be argued that this debate stems from one of the most controversial, yet successful, experiments to be created: Dolly the sheep. In Gregory Pence’s chapter, “From Dolly to Humans?” from his novel, Who’s Afraid of Human Cloning?, Dolly is heavily discussed. Pence details that in Edinburgh, Scotland, on February 24, 1997, Ian Wilmut’s successful attempt to clone a lamb took the world by storm (1). Almost immediately after the experiment was publicized, everyone from commoners, scientists, and even lawmakers joined in unison to rebuke the idea of the future cloning of humans. Only days after the announcement of Dolly’s existence, according to Pence, human cloning was entirely banned and thus one of the biggest philosophical questions to emerge from biology was swiftly dismissed. Why did this experimental delve into the biological cause such an uproar? In the words of Gregory Pence, “emotions can be justified, but they can also stem from our most primitive, prejudiced reactions” (6). The majority of the individuals who objected cloning experimentation, during the period of Dolly the sheep, barely knew what cloning was or how it affected the world around them. Today, numerous of those who are against cloning are typically victims of the fearmongering of visual and print media, which thrive on the imagined

Cloning, the creation of organisms identical to other organisms, fits into the world of psychology due to the ethical concerns it raises and the potential ideological and personal issues human clones would eventually produce.

Cloning destroys uniqueness. In the article, “Arguments For and Against Creating Human Clones,” it states, “Human cloning would diminish the sense of uniqueness of an individual.” If there is another person like you it would feel kind of weird knowing that when you aren’t around anymore they are sort of taking your spot in the world. The rebuttal says that this can only be true if we let it be. Well guess what, people are already considering replacing loved ones. For example, on the same article it talks about when a parent loses their child they are able “to seek redress” or peace for their loss. This in fact happens to be the perfect example of diminishing the sense of uniqueness in a person. That relationship they once had with their child will try to be recreated with someone who isn’t actually the same child they loss. It’s basically, and very simply, like disrespecting or betraying that relationship they had

Population demographic factors such as age, sex, diet and ethnicity explain the largest proportion of genetic variation between human populations (Fumagalli et al., 2011). Infectious agents including viruses, bacteria and protozoa are likely one of the strongest evolutionary drivers of the remaining genetic diversity within and between populations, as a result of the selective pressure they inflict in regions where infection is endemic. Mortality is the strongest selective pressure which is imposed by an infectious agent. Any genetic variant associated with an improved response to that pathogen is likely to be a target for selection (Fumagalli et al., 2011). Positive selection results in the increased frequency of a beneficial allele. Balancing selection maintains diversity, while negative selection eliminates deleterious variants. This process of natural selection leaves behind distinctive signatures of selection that can be exploited to identify regions of the genome under selection (Karlsson et al., 2014). Signatures of selection are distinctive because they reflect uncommon patterns of allele frequencies at a particular locus when compared to the underlying genetic variation. Candidate based gene approaches, Genome wide association studies (GWAS), haplotype based methods and various statistical tests such as Tajima’s D statistic are used to detect these signatures of selection within the human genome. This essay uses specific examples to discuss the evidence of

Many have also feared the thought of having a clone. Due to popular belief that a clone

When it comes to genetics, one must look at a combination of things that have us reach an understanding. The first major combination is what we learn when we visualize chromosomes. If we had never seen a chromosome, we still would be able to gather a sense of genetics. Since we have seen chromosomes, this gives a more definite idea of genetics, in the narrowest sense. The second combination of ideas is with chemistry. It allows us to define systems in a more precise term, and to expand at each level. We can see the actual chromosomes, their movements, their products, their changes, and their self-propagation regarding protein chemistry. The third combination that we look at concerns hereditary and development. These were brought together as aspects of the same problem of propagation and organization in two types of structures, the nucleus, and cytoplasm. The fourth combination resolves the conflict of biometry and Mendelism, and continuity and discontinuity (Farrall). This is related to activities of the chromosomes appearances of continuous and discontinuous variations regarding size and specificity of genes and proteins produced (Farrall).