Ideology in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Minister’s Black Veil
Bennett and Royle in their textbook, Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory, define ideology as representing “… ‘the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence’” (161). The ideology of self, of personal identity, is represented by a person’s perception of what is acceptable in their society. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, The Minister’s Black Veil, the minister appears before his community with a black veil covering his face. He gives no explanation for this apparel and the community becomes agitated that their minister refuses to remove it. The readers challenge is to discover why the minister wears the veil and why he
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Hooper, pacing slowly his meditative way toward the meetinghouse. With one accord they started, expressing more wonder than if some strange minister were coming to dust the cushions of Mr. Hooper’s pulpit. “Are you sure it is our parson?” inquired Goodman Gray of the sexton. (Hawthorne 2-4)
Accepted ideology is an ideology that is in itself not real, it is illusory and mutable. When the illusion is challenged, the ideology of self is challenged. By using words that depict the illusory ideology of the parishioners, and perhaps also mirror the illusory ideology of the reader, Hawthorne reinforces the idea that “Ideology is constituted by images and fantasies” (Bennett & Royle 160). The sentences, “He has changed himself into something awful…” (Hawthorne 8) and “The black veil…throws its influence over his whole person, and makes him ghostlike” (Hawthorne 13) reinforce the illusory aspects of an established ideology. Bennett and Royle say, “To become human, to identify oneself as a subject, then, is an effect of ideology” (162). The parishioners cannot locate the minister beneath his veil as a subject—they can only locate the veil as subject. “The black veil, though it covers only our pastor’s face, throws its influence over his whole person, and makes him ghostlike…” (Hawthorne 14). The minister, the previously known subject, has become ‘ghostlike’, has vanished to another realm and the parishioners expectations and illusory ideology is upset. This reaffirms
In New England Men of Letters Wilson Sullivan relates the purpose of Hawthorne’s veiled image:
In Nathaniel Hawthorne's “The Minister's Black Veil” there are many secrets, many dark areas, both literal and metaphorical. An intensely private man who allowed few to know him well, Nathaniel Hawthorne was fascinated by the dark secrets of human nature. One of the first American writers to explore his characters’ hidden motivations, Hawthorne broke new ground in American literature with his morally complex characters. He explored such themes as sin, hypocrisy, and guilt. This essay is discussed about a pleasant scene in Milford, a small Puritan town where men, women, and children mill about enjoying the prospect of another Sunday. This peace is interrupted by the
Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Minister's Black Veil" embodies the hidden sins that we all hide and that in turn distance us from the ones we love most. Reverend Hooper dons a black veil throughout this story, and never takes it off. He has discerned in everyone a dark, hidden self of secret sin. In wearing the veil Hooper dramatizes the isolation that each person experiences when they are chained down by their own sinful deeds. He has realizes that symbolically everyone can be found in the shadow of their own dark veil. Hooper in wearing this shroud across his face is only amplifying the dark side of people and the truth of human existence and nature.
Hooper’s abundant wisdom, through Hawthorne’s utilization of the Old Man archetype, an archetype that exemplifies a teacher in the highest order. Hooper, like the Old Man, has a defined spiritual element to him, and exists to aid the story’s protagonists, the congregants, on their quest to become more complete individuals and a part of a stronger community. This Old Man, after a long time of growth, continues to teach the congregation, and possesses a certain element of wisdom to him that gives the congregants. He has so much wisdom, readers might be able to confirm that community members expected and hoped for his intervention in multiple situations (8). Indeed, even Clark of Westbury, a minister in a town paces over, comes to see Hooper and to wish him well as he departs to the afterlife and calls him “venerable” or respected.
"The Minister's Black Veil" by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a story about one clergyman's alienation due to his outward dressing. Reverend Hooper was a well-respected preacher who got along well with the townspeople until one day when he appeared wearing a black veil over his face that consisted "of two folds of crape, which entirely concealed his features, except the mouth and chin" (Hawthorne 253). From that day onward, he was alienated both socially and physically from his community and from himself due to his inability to remove the veil.
Symbolism plays a major role in the “Minister’s Black Veil” by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It influences the setting of the story and it complements the moral message. The minister, Mr. Hooper, has a lot of faith and is very committed to helping the society to be more faithful and closer to God. He lives a very harsh live being rejected by society and goes through unpleasant moments to achieve his original goal. When he decides to wear the black veil, he was not trying to be mysterious and create a gloomy environment like he did; he had much more than that in mind. The Black Veil represents the thought of the puritans that sin was an inexcusable mistake, the secret sin and dark side in each individual, and he uses
Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes the color of the veil, Mr Hooper’s speech to the townspeople, and the contrast of the bad veil in good events to once again showcase his views on the everlasting effect of guilt and sin. While it may be a harsh concept to comprehend, when one comes to terms with this, it leaves a feeling of ease. Once one knows that there is no time of the day where they can be freed of the feeling of guilt is when they can truly love themselves. Remember that sin is like a convenience store, it is open 24/7, and everyone has to take a trip there once in awhile, so there is no reason to be
What was exclaimed by Minister Hooper on his deathbed claimed that the Puritans in his society are hypocrites, as well as making another essential point of not worrying of the sins of others, but instead working for the redemption of one’s sins. “Have men avoided me, and women shown no pity, and children screamed and fled, only for my black veil? What, but the mystery which it obscurely typifies, has made this piece of crape so awful? When the friend shows his inmost heart to his friend; the lover to his best beloved; when man does not vainly shrink from the eye of his Creator, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die! I look around me, and, lo! on every visage a Black Veil!” (Hawthorne 17). Words are spewed from Minister Hooper, as he finally lets out the mystery of the black veil; as he allows the audience not to see his face but the inner workings of his dark
They also seek to show how this facade separates and alienates you from society, peers, reality, and spirituality. " 'Have patience with me, Elizabeth!' cried he, passionately. 'Do not desert me, though this veil must be between us here on earth. Be mine, and hereafter there shall be no veil over my face, no darkness between our souls! It is but a mortal veil--it is not for eternity! O! You know not how lonely I am, and how frightened, to be alone behind my black veil. Do not leave me in this miserable obscurity forever!' 'Lift the veil but once, and look me in the face,' said she.'Never! It cannot be!' replied Mr. Hooper." " 'Tremble also at each other! Have men avoided me, and women shown no pity, and children screamed and fled, only for my black veil? What, but the mystery which it obscurely typifies, has made this piece of crape so awful? When the friend shows his inmost heart to his friend; the lover to his best beloved; when man does not vainly shrink from the eye of his Creator, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die! I look around me, and, lo! On every visage a Black Veil!' "
In this quote from “The Minister’s Black Veil”, Nathaniel exposes some of the meaning of the veil “There is an hour to come when all of us shall cast aside our veils”(Hawthorne 29). Just like with race, sinners are all being characterized and judging others instead of trying to improve themselves. Society bases everything on a person just by looking at their race. In the story, Hooper is judged completely just by the veil. According to intermediate rambling, “Hawthorne presents a view of man that becomes ostracized from the community solely on the basis of a black veil that covers his face, a veil that symbolizes race”(Intermediate rambling). The veil symbolizes race seeing as though the citizens in the town are too focused on the veil that they don’t actually enjoy the time they have with Mr. Hooper, which is similar to the ways society treat race. Race can cause isolation because there are some that are not willing to look past
Nathaniel Hawthorne developed his theme and style in the text “The Minister’s Black Veil” better than Jonathan Edwards did in the text “sinners in the hands of an angry God.” The theme in Hawthorne’s text is don’t judge a person based on how they look; his style of writing was very gloomy and sad. Edwards theme of his text is the people must repent for their sinful ways or be dammed to hell; his style of writing is very serious and angry. The two texts themes are similar and different.
Based on the evaluations of literary critics, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, “The Minister’s Black Veil,” contains both an external and an internal conflict, about equally treated in the tale. It is the intent of this essay to explore both types of conflict as presented in the story.
Hawthorne’s writing style in the “Ministers Black Veil” reveals his view on humans nature through symbolism of the black veil. Reverend clark and other men encircle the minister and question why he must never take off the vail. Right before the ministers death he gets aburst of energy and proclaims, “When the friend shows his inmost heart to his friend…, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die! I look around me, and, lo! on every visage a black veil!”(Hawthorne 882). Everyone has secrets that they do not want to tell even their closest companions because they feel guilty and ashamed. The minister tells the clergyman that everyone wears a black veil over their face. Hawthorne writes this intending for the veil to be a symbol of man’s secret sin therefore showing that his outlook on humanity is that people are secretly sinful.
Often in society people are criticized, punished and despised for their individual choices and flaws. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author uses Hester Prynne to symbolize that those who challenge social conformities can benefit society as a whole. Though she has been banished for committing adultery, she sees that the community needs her. Through her generous accomplishments the community realizes she is a person who, regardless of her sin, can affect the community in a positive way.
The short story “The Minister’s Black Veil” by Nathaniel Hawthorne follows the minister Mr. Hooper whose simple change in appearance alters the very nature of his existence in society till his death. While his decision to begin to wear a black veil over his face ostracizes him from society, it also turns him into a more influential clergyman. With the symbolism of the black veil and in a somber tone, Hawthorne makes a statement on the involvement of society in personal matters and the “black veil” that is present over the heart of every man, making the point that everyone is guilty of being sinful.