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Influences On Victorian Gothic Literature

Decent Essays

Influences on Victorian gothic literature; religion, psychology, science and spirituality.

Many great authors such as Mary Shelley and Bram Stoker indulged in the world of the supernatural with gothic novels such as Dracula and Frankenstein. However the origins of such tales and the Victorian obsession with the paranormal are not commonly explored. The gothic genre in fact dates back as far as 1765. The classic English gothic novel began with the author Horace Walpole and his novel, “The Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story.” Walpole claimed that he had found an ancient manuscript which he then translated, thus creating his story. However, from what seems to be a recurring theme in Victorian spiritualism, this also was revealed as being false. …show more content…

Atheism was a growing trend in the 1800s as a result of confusion being created between religion and the developments in science. Of course Charles Darwin’s “Origin of Species” being one of the most influential pieces of literature, not only in the Victorian era but of all time, changed the way Victorian society viewed religion. These developments in science most likely influenced the minds of many authors at the time, and therefore spurred on the creativity of many great gothic novels. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein portrays this scientific influence perfectly with the creation of the monster. The developments in chemistry and biology in the 1800s, along with Darwin’s “Origin of Species”, raised the question of whether there is life after death. Mary Shelley took this one step further in her novel by questioning the creations of God, and whether humans can “play God”. Not only did she raise this question but she also gave her prediction of the unseen dangers that could occur if we toy with life and death, shown as the monster is described as a “hideous creation”. During the lifetime of Mary Shelley and Bram Stoker, scientific discovery had become a source of inspiration for many gothic authors. According to Christa Knellwolf (professor at the university of Vienna), “the magic and mystique of science was …show more content…

There is a clear divide within the gothic genre which develops the perception of the church and religion during the Victorian period. On one hand many gothic novels view the church as an evil which corrupts society, whereas on the other hand religion and symbolism are the bringers of peace and eradicators of evil. For example within Bram Stoker's Dracula, the cross of the Christian faith is seen to drive away evil spirits and even Vampires. This portrays the Christian faith as a saviour of man, showing the willpower of God. Yet in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, God’s creation is questioned when man essentially takes life into his own hands, in the form of Victor Frankenstein creating the monster. Both sides of the argument are controversial, forcing gothic literature into genre which continues to cause controversy today. Although gothic literature and the church seem be inherently different, there are some featured similarities. Both the church and gothic fiction depend upon society to drive forwards their success. The gothic feeds upon the confusion of society, and at the same time the church is fuelled by the idea of safety from the supernatural. The church is in fact utilised in many gothic novels. For instance the church is a symbol for sanctuary, peace and rituals, all are common themes of a gothic novel. It is evident that both do not only depend upon society, but also upon one another for

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