Influences on Victorian gothic literature; religion, psychology, science and spirituality.
Many great authors such as Mary Shelley and Bram Stoker indulged in the world of the supernatural with gothic novels such as Dracula and Frankenstein. However the origins of such tales and the Victorian obsession with the paranormal are not commonly explored. The gothic genre in fact dates back as far as 1765. The classic English gothic novel began with the author Horace Walpole and his novel, “The Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story.” Walpole claimed that he had found an ancient manuscript which he then translated, thus creating his story. However, from what seems to be a recurring theme in Victorian spiritualism, this also was revealed as being false.
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Atheism was a growing trend in the 1800s as a result of confusion being created between religion and the developments in science. Of course Charles Darwin’s “Origin of Species” being one of the most influential pieces of literature, not only in the Victorian era but of all time, changed the way Victorian society viewed religion. These developments in science most likely influenced the minds of many authors at the time, and therefore spurred on the creativity of many great gothic novels. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein portrays this scientific influence perfectly with the creation of the monster. The developments in chemistry and biology in the 1800s, along with Darwin’s “Origin of Species”, raised the question of whether there is life after death. Mary Shelley took this one step further in her novel by questioning the creations of God, and whether humans can “play God”. Not only did she raise this question but she also gave her prediction of the unseen dangers that could occur if we toy with life and death, shown as the monster is described as a “hideous creation”. During the lifetime of Mary Shelley and Bram Stoker, scientific discovery had become a source of inspiration for many gothic authors. According to Christa Knellwolf (professor at the university of Vienna), “the magic and mystique of science was …show more content…
There is a clear divide within the gothic genre which develops the perception of the church and religion during the Victorian period. On one hand many gothic novels view the church as an evil which corrupts society, whereas on the other hand religion and symbolism are the bringers of peace and eradicators of evil. For example within Bram Stoker's Dracula, the cross of the Christian faith is seen to drive away evil spirits and even Vampires. This portrays the Christian faith as a saviour of man, showing the willpower of God. Yet in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, God’s creation is questioned when man essentially takes life into his own hands, in the form of Victor Frankenstein creating the monster. Both sides of the argument are controversial, forcing gothic literature into genre which continues to cause controversy today. Although gothic literature and the church seem be inherently different, there are some featured similarities. Both the church and gothic fiction depend upon society to drive forwards their success. The gothic feeds upon the confusion of society, and at the same time the church is fuelled by the idea of safety from the supernatural. The church is in fact utilised in many gothic novels. For instance the church is a symbol for sanctuary, peace and rituals, all are common themes of a gothic novel. It is evident that both do not only depend upon society, but also upon one another for
Gothic horror, what does it symbolize, does it connect to our modern lives, what exactly is it? Gothic horror is the genre of literature that has elements of both romance and horror. Gothic horror is very dark, stormy full of eerie winds and is usually set in an old mansion or in castles on high cliffs. Usually gothic horror is a combination of fiction, horror, and romance. This genre was famous throughout England and had and still does have a big influence on British culture and how they live their lives today. “Some get the gothic horror mixed up with paranormal romance but the difference between the two is in the results The Gothic builds up the protagonist until he achieves what he’s after, and then details the terrible consequences of achieving it” (Dittmer 1). The theme in Dracula is that classic Gothic theme of the epic battle of good versus evil. “In this novel this is expressed in a very direct way, there is never any question as to who is right and who is wrong. According to Duran “it can be clearly seen the protagonists on the side of good have many endearing qualities while the antagonists on the side of evil have a pact with Lucifer and are of the purest evil” (mikeduran.com). Bram Stokers Dracula demonstrates how religion can influence the mind of others and how they react and encounter to different situations of their lives.
Gothic literature is a style of writing that contains elements of both horror and romance. This genre allows readers to experience a mix of horror and romance intertwined. Within the gothic genre there are elements of supernatural events, beings, and gloomy day settings. This style of writing became popular in the late 18th century and early 19 century. Many give credit to it’s uprising to author Horace Walpole, who wrote The Castle of Otranto (1764). His book contains all the elements that constitute the gothic genre. Frankenstein fits perfectly into the gothic category because the gloomy and mysterious setting is placed where most readers think of it as
The Gothic genre is easily misconcepted in today’s society but, there is a way to rule out if a novel is Gothic or not. In order for a book to be qualified as a Gothic novel, the novel has to contain six specific tropes. These tropes include wild and desolate landscapes, a distinct villain, mysterious deaths, the supernatural, violent emotions, and cultural anxieties. In the novel, Dracula by Bram Stoker all six Gothic tropes are present which qualifies it as a solid Gothic novel.
The reader is able to satisfy his or hers innermost desires through the pages of the book. The reader finds refuge through Gothic text. This is no exception with the authors. The author also wants to satisfy their imagination by creatively and articulately channelling their thoughts into a work of art. Robert Kidd writes in his ‘Transgressing the Boundaries’ article, “The power and passion of Gothic Literature seemed eminently suited to the iconoclasts who wished to challenge the status quo”. There were many famous writers like this, for example, Horace Walpole, Lewis, Godwin and of course Mary Shelley. The authors and readers of Gothic Literature share a very special connection. Both sides gain from books and share the same feelings as one writes and one reads the book, with both satisfying their imaginations.
The book Frankenstein is considered a gothic novel do to the facts of the gloomy settings throughout the story, Mary Shelley always wrote in a gothic manner more times than not in her career, and during this time period scary stories were very relevant. The fact that Doctor Frankenstein is creating a “monster” is very gothic in itself but the way he gathered the parts to assemble this creation, or as some may like to call it a “creature”. People argue that just because he created this thing that does not make him the father-like because he made it in inhumane way but nobody knows what is considered wrong or right to someone. In order for something to get the consideration
Horror in Romanticized Ambitions: Gothic Science Fiction and Moral Problems of the God Complex in Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein
One of the powerful images conjured up by the words ‘gothic novel’ is that of a shadowy form rising from a mysterious place, Frankenstein’s monster rising from a laboratory table, Dracula creeping from his coffin, or, more generally, the slow opening of a crypt to reveal a dark and obscure figure, which all share in common the concept of Social Ostracisation both to the creator and creature. Gothic writing can be dated back for centuries, Shelly immediately comes to mind with Frankenstein as well as The Monk by Matthew Gregory Lewis and Dracula by Bram Stoker all can be associated with Social Ostracisation. The concept of
In the gothic novel, Frankenstein, written in 1818, author Mary Shelley tells a blood chilling story of Victor Frankenstein and his monstrous creation. Many of the main concepts in the Romantic literary movement are prevalent throughout the novel. Some of these concepts include nature as beauty and truth, strong personal motivation, and gothicism which inhibits intense emotion and complex psychology. Victor’s monstrous creation can be categorized as a romantic hero because of his continuous rejection from all forms of society. On the surface level the novel is of suspense and horror, yet it profoundly aims to highlight the dangers of overstepping the boundaries of ethical science. Written during an era of vast technological and
There is a psychological theory which states that the whole is only as good as the sum of its parts. This is the basis for any novel or book, as it is important to acknowledge and utilize the various components of literature in order to write a cohesive novel. Gothic literature, which was especially prevalent during the early 1800’s, has many elements which make it a distinct genre. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley utilizes many Gothic literature components. These elements include characters who bridge the gap between the mortal and the supernatural; a constant sense of decay; and an isolated protagonist.
In the 1800s gothic literature made its waves across England with many authors popping up including Edgar Allan Poe, Ann Radcliffe, Emily Brontë, and Mary Shelley. These authors wrote books like The Raven, Wuthering Heights, and Frankenstein. Authors of gothic novels typically included characteristics with their stories and that happens to include extreme landscapes, supernatural manifestations, ruined buildings, horrifying events, and a passion-driven villain-hero, in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, these characteristics persist in the story.
Even though it is mysterious and cannot be fathomed, just like Romanticism, the mystery in Gothic Literature is horrific, while in Romanticism it is beautiful. Gothic fiction relates to prudishness (especially in the Victorian era) as it focuses on taboo subjects, such as: sex, vice, and murder. Therefore, it is, to great extent, going beyond peoples emotional limitations. To add to that, the typical feature of Gothic Literature would be expressing nature in the threat of monsters, ghosts, or in other words, supernatural forces conflicting with humanity. On the whole, a great representation of these gothic and romantic influences would be the novel Frankenstein (or The Modern Prometheus) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, which was published in 1818 and written during the Romantic Period.
Brianna Cairon Mrs. Schroder Honors English IV 8 December 2016 Frankenstein and Gothic Literature To define gothic literature, someone might state that this genre includes mystery and horror in writing with characters fighting for power over one another. The stories written in this way typically include strange and mysterious locations that characters find themselves in as well as horrific situations. The plot might include threatening and dangerous circumstances that evoke fear out of the readers themselves. After comparing a definition of gothic literature to the story Frankenstein, the plot aligns perfectly with the explanation.
This is demonstrated through Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, where the main character, Victor Frankenstein, creates a concealed self-image by creating life from the dead. Shelley’s novel is associated with Gothic literature. Gothicism, a defiant form of writing, derives from romanticism. In the time of gothic literature, the idea of benevolence versus malevolence is displayed through a doubling connection that appears in the concept of a creator and a creation in the novel Frankenstein.
Gothic Literature is a style of literature popularized during the late 18th century and the early 19th century with the publication of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. This style usually portrays fantastic tales dealing with the horror, despair, the grotesque and other “dark” subjects. Characteristics of gothic literature includes the presence of victims and their victimizers who usually hold immense powers along with their evil purpose. The setting of this kind of literature generally takes place within impenetrable walls, whether physical or mental. This setting creates a sense of hopeless isolation within the victim. The summarization of the characters and situation creates an atmosphere pervaded by a sense of mystery, darkness, oppressiveness, fear, and doom.
Gothic literature originated and was very strong at the time of the Romantic Writers Movement. They were very popular and had authors such as Horace Walpole who wrote “The Castle of Oranto”, and novels such as “Frankenstein” and “Dracula“. Gothic novels all had a similarity between each other. They always had typical Gothic features which alleviated the novel in one way or another. For example, most Gothic novels involved settings which generally added fear and suspense. They were always quite dark, scary and isolated. Also the characters of the Gothic novels never seemed to fit in the community and the society. They usually were handicapped, disabled or deformed