Investment Banking

The SEC was created due to the stock market crash of 1929 which led to the great depression. The SEC was created to protect investors in security exchanges such as the stock market. It is responsible for oversight of both private investment and corporate investment dealings.

The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was passed by congress to strengthen the government’s control of the financial markets. It was preceded by the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 which was enacted during the Great Depression in hopes that the stock market crash of 1929 would not be repeated. The basic difference between the two acts was that the 1933 Act was to govern the original sales of securities by requiring that the issuers, the companies offering the securities, offer up sufficient information about themselves and the securities so that the potential buyers could make informed decisions. The 1934 Act was

The effects of the economic market crash of 1929 appeared in how the public sustained severe losses at the hands of securities traders and corporations. With the unmistakable need to restore financial specialist trust in the securities market President Roosevelt pushed for a huge securities regulation and the creation of the Securities Act of 1933 sprouted along with the approval of Congress. Then in a year later in 1934 Congress observed the need to make modifications to the 1933 Act by establishing an independent governmental regulatory body the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC main responsibility came to be to ensure and protect the public against malpractices in the securities and financial markets. As the years passed businesses and technology advances developed and the economic market expanded. With the economy market positive rise many companies needed to keep up and acted upon fraudulent acts in order to stay in the business competition. Companies acted fraudulent by “cooking the books” in recording

Glass Steagall Act limits activities, affiliations, and securities within commercial banks. It was passed after the great depression. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act was passed in 1999 that enacts the U.S to control its way of financial institution deal while having the private information of other individuals. The point was to not let banks get into risky investment activities.

The Securities Act of 1933 regulated the securities and the accounting standards before the Sarbanes Oxley Act was passed. Under the Securities Act, corporations and their investments bank were legally responsible for telling the truth and making sure the financial statements were audited correctly. Although corporations were responsible, the CEOs were not which was meant it was hard to prosecute them for fraud. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was enacted in response to a series of high profile financial scandals that occurred in the early 2000s at companies including Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco that rattled investor confidence. The Sarbanes Oxley Act was named after

The Banking Act of 1933 was passed by the United States Congress on June 16, 1933. The Banking Act of 1933 is also knows the Glass-Steagall Act, especially when referring to the principal provision of separating commercial banks and investment banking. The term Glass–Steagall Act, however, is most often used to refer to four provisions of the Banking Act of 1933 and only two of those provision restricted or limited commercial bank securities activities and affiliations between commercial banks and securities firms. That limited meaning of the term is described in the article on Glass–Steagall Legislation. Which means, an act to provide for the safer and more effective used of the assets of banks, to regulate interbank control, to prevent the undue diversion of funds into speculative operations, and for other purposes.

The SEC is the administrative agency responsible for regulating the sale of securities under both the 1933 and 1934 acts (Jennings, 2012). The Sec is responsible for issuing injunctions, institute criminal proceeding; bring civil suits and etc. (Jennings, 20104). The SEC gives organizations exemptions such as the Exempt Securities, Exempt Transactions and the offering of securities.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, was created by the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, and it “insured the accounts of small depositors in member banks” (Keene, 670). Also, laws were established that created the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. This helped to reform the practices of purchasing and selling stock. The SEC helped investors make informed decisions about stock by making it mandatory that companies provide financial details to them. The Federal Housing Authority, or FHA, was created by FDR to allow Americans to purchase homes.

Senator Duncan U. Fletcher of Florida along with counsel Ferdinand Pecora were the ones who exposed the bankers and how they would appropriate funds for their own personal use and also to evade income tax. The public was outraged rightfully so the New Dealers response to these claims they founded the Glass-Steagall Banking Act in June of 1933. The Glass-Steagall Banking Act was to separate commercial banks from their investment affiliates that way they could not use depositors’ funds or funds from the Federal Reserve for speculation. This in turn gave the Federal Reserve more power and who there members are. Another impact that came out of this act is the FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE (FDIC) this would insure all clients’ with a security deposit. The American Banking Association thought that this was a type of government

The banking industry as a whole after the stock market crashed was going bankrupt due to not being able to carry the “bad debt” that was created from using customer money to buy stock. Because the banks were out of money, they were unable to cover customer withdrawals from their bank, causing many bank customers to lose all of their savings. With the uncertainty of the future of the banking industry, many people withdrew all of their savings, which caused more than 9,000 banks to close their doors and go out of business (Kelly). Due to the effects of the Great Depression, and the collapse of the banking industry, the government created regulations to prevent similar failure in the future. For Example, the SEC, (or Securities Exchange Commission), which regulates the sell and trade of stocks, bonds and other investments was created as a result of The Great Depression. The FDIC (or Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation), was created to insure bank accounts so that that the consumer would be protected if the bank were to go out of business (Kelly). The Great Depression's effect on the banking industry led to many useful changes to the banking industry and helped restore confidence in banks in the American people.

The initial act was written in 1933, following the Stock Market crash of 1929. The Glass - Steagall act instilled banks to maintain investment money separate from consumer money (Politifact, Glass-Steagall). In short, the law kept commercial banks (consumers deposit money and take out loans) separate from investment firms (hold securities and make investments). The main concern with repealing the act was that it would put the public in a vulnerable position and predispose them to various types of risks (Politifact, Glass-Steagall). For example, if a colossal bank such as Chase merges with an investment firm that bets on an investment that fails, the commercial side will be put at risk. Following the immediate repeal of the Glass - Steagall act, banks and various other companies began to take advantage of loopholes and consequently created a housing

Since at least the 1980s, the financial industry wanted the repeal of Glass Steagall (Shanny). The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 separated commercial and investment banking in the United States. This passed shortly after a series of bank failures and was supposed to restore confidence in the banking system by prohibiting banks from taking excessive risks. Concerned that commercial banking systems were incurring losses from speculative investments, specifically the stock market, they felt that completely prohibiting them from making these investments was the necessary measure to take. This meant that commercial banks were no longer allowed to deal in or underwrite securities, while investment banks were no longer

The investment banks, and subsequent stock brokerage firms, was regulated by the Security and Exchange Commission. The banking entities, in this portion of the financial sector, were used to dealing in high risk business that were structured on the business’ equity and debt capital, instead of the commercial banks’ deposits of customers. The activities in this sector of the financial system were underwriting stocks and bonds, insurance markets, the investments in subprime debt markets and mortgages.

The intensely competitive, action-oriented, profit-hungry world of investment banking can seem like a bigger-than-life place where deals are done and fortunes are made. Investment bank includes but is not limited to bringing an established company to the market, by that I mean taking company with the capabilities but not capital of expanding, and raising money through other investors or the stock market (IPO) for a commission, I chose this field because of my personal experience with my father and his company, I 've seen him go from starting off as a cold calling broker, to running a brokerage firm, to starting a brokerage firm, all the way to having his own investment firm. I feel like I

Securities regulations began when Congress enacted the Securities Act of 1933 in reaction to the 1929 Stock Market Crash—the infamous start of the Great Depression. The legislature created the 1933 Act to safeguard the economy from experiencing another event like the Great Depression. The objective of the Securities Act of 1933 was to “require that investors receive financial and other significant information concerning securities being offered for public sale; and prohibit deceit, misrepresentations, and other fraud in the sale of securities.” In other words, the Securities Act of 1933 required issuers to fully disclose all material information that a reasonable shareholder would require in order to make up his or her mind about a potential investment. The Act focuses on governing offerings by issuers and creating transparency between issuers and investors so that investors receive more protection than prior to the Act.