preview

Irony In Flaubert's A Simple Heart

Good Essays

Irony is the unexpected or alternative meaning that results from the adjacency of two or more elements of a text. These elements can include the names and actions of characters or the language used by an unseen narrator, or both as in A Simple Heart. A text as a whole can be considered ironic if the overarching themes of the work combine to achieve meaning in addition to their individual meanings. It is important to note that irony may be intended by the author and deliberately built into a work, or may otherwise be a product of reader interpretation of the work and be unintended by the author. If a work is ironic, by chance or design, the presence of irony does not signal that the work is simply parody or not serious in its treatment of subject, …show more content…

This does not preclude any serious social commentary the work may contain, given that seriousness and irony do not sit as opposites on the same spectrum and can coexist within a work. The implication of this distinction is that Flaubert’s intentions and the presence of irony in his work may be related, but does not need to be related. In this sense the author’s intentions, ironic or not, are largely irrelevant; irony can be found by the reader regardless, and A Simple Heart can be read to contain many layers of irony. This response does not seek to guess the intentions of the author Flaubert, but rather will deconstruct the irony generated by the devices and elements of the text as …show more content…

Felicity teaches the parrot to ‘speak’ three phrases, “nice boy!”, “your servant, Sir”, and “hail Mary!” (Flaubert 14). These three phrases each speak to the priorities of Felicity’s life; ‘nice boy!’ is the greeting and praise she heaps on the bird, ‘your servant, Sir’ is an echo of Felicity’s most uttered farewell, and finally an oath from her prayers, ‘hail Mary!”. The fact that these are the only words Loulou speak sparks an ironic discourse about blindly following one’s work and organised religion. The parrot’s hollow imitation of the most important aspects in Felicity’s life can be read as ironic mocking of these priorities (Greenbaum 208). By having a bird and not a human reply to Felicity’s passions the text belittles them, and through the adjacency of Felicity’s own earlier imitation of Virginia’s religious practice, suggests that Felicity is herself a parrot mimicking blindly and without reason. The ultimate criticism here is once again not of Felicity herself, but of a system that is naturally incomprehensible and beyond understanding. If the metaphor is carried out further, Felicity, with the capacity and characteristics of a parrot, cannot be blamed for not understanding the material presented to her. By inviting this ironic comparison the text

Get Access