Irony is the unexpected or alternative meaning that results from the adjacency of two or more elements of a text. These elements can include the names and actions of characters or the language used by an unseen narrator, or both as in A Simple Heart. A text as a whole can be considered ironic if the overarching themes of the work combine to achieve meaning in addition to their individual meanings. It is important to note that irony may be intended by the author and deliberately built into a work, or may otherwise be a product of reader interpretation of the work and be unintended by the author. If a work is ironic, by chance or design, the presence of irony does not signal that the work is simply parody or not serious in its treatment of subject, …show more content…
This does not preclude any serious social commentary the work may contain, given that seriousness and irony do not sit as opposites on the same spectrum and can coexist within a work. The implication of this distinction is that Flaubert’s intentions and the presence of irony in his work may be related, but does not need to be related. In this sense the author’s intentions, ironic or not, are largely irrelevant; irony can be found by the reader regardless, and A Simple Heart can be read to contain many layers of irony. This response does not seek to guess the intentions of the author Flaubert, but rather will deconstruct the irony generated by the devices and elements of the text as …show more content…
Felicity teaches the parrot to ‘speak’ three phrases, “nice boy!”, “your servant, Sir”, and “hail Mary!” (Flaubert 14). These three phrases each speak to the priorities of Felicity’s life; ‘nice boy!’ is the greeting and praise she heaps on the bird, ‘your servant, Sir’ is an echo of Felicity’s most uttered farewell, and finally an oath from her prayers, ‘hail Mary!”. The fact that these are the only words Loulou speak sparks an ironic discourse about blindly following one’s work and organised religion. The parrot’s hollow imitation of the most important aspects in Felicity’s life can be read as ironic mocking of these priorities (Greenbaum 208). By having a bird and not a human reply to Felicity’s passions the text belittles them, and through the adjacency of Felicity’s own earlier imitation of Virginia’s religious practice, suggests that Felicity is herself a parrot mimicking blindly and without reason. The ultimate criticism here is once again not of Felicity herself, but of a system that is naturally incomprehensible and beyond understanding. If the metaphor is carried out further, Felicity, with the capacity and characteristics of a parrot, cannot be blamed for not understanding the material presented to her. By inviting this ironic comparison the text
Irony is a very big part of a story, because it can create new elements in a story. Some of these elements may include humor and theme. "The Ransom of Red Chief" is a great example for this.
Irony is a technique that uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning. For example, dramatic irony is a type of irony which is shown in the first Shrek movie. Fiona loves Shrek but only Donkey and the audience know. In this situation, dramatic irony is being created because the character Shrek does not know that Fiona loves him but the audience does. The short stories “The Lottery” the reader may find both situational and dramatic irony that both create the ironic ending.
Irony and foreshadowing are literary devices used in literature. Foreshadowing is when an element in the story is used to hint an event that will occur further along in the story. There are many different types of Irony. One of these is dramatic irony, which refers to when a character thinks something is true yet the audience know the actual truth of the situation. Another type of irony is
Irony is a useful device for giving stories many unexpected twists and turns. In Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour," irony is used as an effective literary device. Situational irony is used to show the reader that what is expected to happen sometimes doesn't. Dramatic irony is used to clue the reader in on something that is happening that the characters in the story do not know about. Irony is used throughout Chopin's "The Story of an Hour" through the use of situational irony and the use of dramatic irony.
Although irony may be associated with negative events or actions, it can also be a sign of good for characters within stories. According to Dictionary.com, irony in literature is defined as “a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude opposite to that which is actually or ostensibly stated.” The use of irony is found within the novel The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini. Hosseini uses irony to portray and develop the main dynamic character in this story, Amir. Most of the major events Amir is faced with at a younger age seemingly come full circle when he reaches adulthood. Irony plays a role as Amir lives through tragic events that ultimately teach him how to become a better person.
"Irony is a device that protects him (the artist) from the pain of his experience so that he may use it objectively in his art(Susquehanna. "New Critical")." In The Glass Menagerie, it is ironic how Tom speaks badly of his father and his leaving home but in the end he leaves home just like his father, the man "in love with long distances (Williams 30)''. The fact that Amanda wants what is best for her children is ironic because she worries so much over it that she doesn't realize what is best for them.
It is often said that irony is the vital literary element to a story because it gives the story character. Whether it changes the mood, creates suspense, adds foreshadowing, engages the reader or something else, irony can do many things for a story.
Irony, a state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often amusing as a result. Throughout Night there is use of situational and verbal irony. This use of irony keeps the reader interested. The use of irony causes the reader to know things that the characters often are not aware of.
Irony is defined as “a literary technique, originally used in Greek tragedy, by which the full significance of a character's words or actions are clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character:”(“Irony” Entry 3. Oxford Dictionary. November 5th, 2015, Web.) In literature, irony can be used to foreshadow situations about to occur. Irony is a literary technique that can be expressed in 3 different ways. There is Dramatic irony, Situational Irony, and Verbal Irony. Situational irony is defined as, “irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected.” ("situational-irony."(Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 05 Nov.
Both real life and literature often contain irony. Irony is an ancient Greek term we use to describe our perception of an amusing mismatch between people, words, or circumstances where we were expecting a normal and proper fit. When we notice such a mismatch, we usually sense a grim kind of humor or comedy in the resulting oddity, something inappropriately appropriate. This discrepancy between our expectations and the actual mismatched outcomes may be intentional (the result of human planning, as with practical jokes) or may seem purely random and accidental. Three distinct varieties of irony are usually recognized, both in life and in literature: verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony.
Gustave Flaubert’s short story, A Simple Heart, is the narrative account of one woman’s painfully unrewarding life as a humble and blindly dedicated servant, Felicite. Throughout the story chronicling her life, she suffers a series of heartbreaking losses, but continues to love unconditionally nonetheless. A Simple Heart brings up themes of death and loss, and unquestioning duty and responsibility. It also calls into question conventional religious belief, through, among other things, Felicite’s warship of the parrot, Lou Lou. Felicite represents each of these themes partly in her own ignorance and simplicity and, as a result, it is seemingly difficult to validate the authenticity of her
Irony is most commonly used in dialogue to express sarcasm and humor, however it can also be applied to add depth to literature. Mary Shelley employs irony in Frankenstein to emphasize the truth and prompt her readers to question pivotal concepts. Her use of irony does not intended for humor, but instead, she utilizes ironic devices to enhance her overall themes and convey the unpredictable consequences of actions.
-Dramatic Irony is when the words and actions of the characters in a work of literature are known to the audience or reader, but they are not known to certain characters in the story. The reader or audience has a greater knowledge of many of the characters themselves.
Irony is usually termed as a technique or way or presenting a topic with one meaning, not disclosing to the reader that a totally different thing has happened. For instance, one might say it is ironic to save up the money to buy your dream car and it sells minutes before you get there. In the mind of someone like Edgar Allan Poe, irony can take one a far deeper meaning. One piece of irony is the name of the victim, Fortunato. This is an Italian word suggesting good fortune. (Cummings, 2005) However, we know from the beginning of the story that his fortune is not good. The more one looks for it, sometimes the more minute the irony can be. Take the description of Fortunato:
People watch other individuals experience irony all the time. When something is ironic it means that the thing that was to happen, did not happen the way it was thought to happen. Sometimes irony happens to those who least expect it or irony happens to everyone. There have been songs, television ads, and stories written about irony or that have included ironic events or details. One piece of literature that contains a lot of irony is Stephen Crane’s “The Open Boat”. Crane uses irony in many different ways in the story to tell of four individuals who survive their ship being wrecked and everyone else aboard has drown.