Jenne Jeno History

Jennette is a seven months old female. Three to four weeks ago (unknown) a cat bite Jennette in her face (on the lower part of her cheekbone). Jennette was at a birthday party. It is unknown how the cat bites Jennette in the face. Jennette's mom Kristi did take Jennette to the doctor in Brookhaven or Summit. Kristi took Jennette at 7:45 pm and Kristi did not notify the father (unknown) until 8:00 pm. Jennette also has a bad diaper rash. The diaper rash has Jennette bottom (butt) raw. The diapers rash begin on her butt cheek all the up to her vagina. While bathing Jennette, she will not sit in the tub on her bottom; due to her but being raw. Jennette just cried. Jennette's butt is always red. It appears that Kristi does not change

Mansa Musa’s Hajj was an important historical event because he was able to help many people by spreading his massive wealth as gold to those along his route, but his Hajj also led to inflation. Mansa Musa grew the wealth of his empire through trade. Then during his Hajj, he spread his wealth by gifting gold to people he met along the way. In Document 2, we can see many salt and gold mines located in the Mali Empire near Timbuktu, and trade routes spanning from those mines through the rest of the empire. From this map, we can see where Mansa Musa’s wealth was sourced.

The writing states that “Mansa Musa also increased the wealth of Mali, exporting the gold and salt trade and encouraging copper trade with Egypt.” (Background Essay) While king, Mansa Musa utilized trade routes that allowed him to keep

A lot of Mali’s success came from their very generous and humble ruler named Mansa Musa (Doc.4). Mansa Musa took a hajj to Mecca to learn and give a chance to the monotheistic culture of Islam. When he returned to Mali, he spread Islam throughout it and eventually it spread all throughout Western Africa by merchants bringing their culture and religion with them when they traded and spreading their beliefs. The capital of Mali was Timbuktu, a very successful city that produced many of Africa's greatest scholars at the time and had a library with many books and manuscripts that would have sold for a fortune (Doc.5). The government of Mali also had a very strict set of laws, most similar to Hammurabi's code of laws from ancient Babylonia. Its laws were very harsh and they showed no mercy for any crime. Even if you stole the littlest thing you would still be punished greatly. Mali also had very great security from outside invaders. These two things impressed many other rulers of similar kingdoms, and made people not commit any crimes in Mali

At the intersection he could have traded goods that his kingdom could not obtain, which is good for his kingdom’s economy. Using the gold that he had, if he did not have any goods left, he could have given gold in return. Likewise, Mansa Musa followed existing trade routes, so he knew that the trade route existed and chose to take it. Past kings could have came back with special goods and made Mali grow, which is something that he would have wanted to gain power. Correspondingly, in Document E, Al-Umari states, “…This has been the state of affairs for about twelve years until this day by reason of the large amount of gold which they brought into Egypt and spent there.”

As a result of Mansa Musa's hajj, the kingdom of Mali became well known and many people flocked there. Of these people, many were geniuses and they journeyed to the city of Timbuktu. This city

West Africa has experienced migration, because of the cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups it contains, and because of the minerals, and goods it can produce. Around the ninth century C.E., in the trans- Saharan route, slave trade became popular. These slaves were used by the Arabs for military service, administration, domestic service, and concubinage. Extensive trade in the region led to urbanization, as well as the introduction of Islam. Muslim Berbers contributed to the expansion of Islam, by controlling the trade routes in Africa, and becoming conduits for economic activities, by the tenth century. During the mid-11th century, cities like Gao and Timbuktu had Muslim scholars traveling the routes, because of the intrusion of the Almoravids, and this resulted in turning these cities into hotspots for study and trade. The eleventh century brought the acceptance of the Islamic culture, and led to conversion of the elites, so they can have legal, political, administrative, cultural, and economic benefits. The Islamic culture did not disrupt indigenous African shamanist and animist beliefs, it united ethnic groups, and led to the development of Islamic states throughout Africa. (Africa, 3000 B.C.-A.D. 1500 / West African Trade /

The people of Ghana would go on to become priests, doctors, and more. People in Ghana always wanted to learn and would take pride in what they were learning. The people would go to great lengths for a good education and would work hard to make books for the people. In Document 4 it talks about how the people of Ghana would live good lives with good jobs they got with their high level education. In Document 7 it shows the way people valued the books they read and made them with love. As Document 4 states, “Here are many doctors, judges, priests, and other learned men that are well maintained at the king's costs” (Document 4). In Document 7 it says, “...there are in Timbuktu numerous judges, teachers and priests, all properly appointed by the king. He greatly honors learning. Many hand-written books imported from Barbary are also sold” (Document 7). Clearly all these citizens have such important roles in the town because they are well educated, and are trustworthy. People would not trust these people if they had little to no education; this is why the people of Ghana valued education. Also, the king loved books and wanted his people to be educated so they could get great jobs. This would boost the economy of Ghana and cause the empire to improve. Everyone in Ghana highly valued education and thought it was quite important everyone was well educated which helped make Ghana what people know

The History of Africa is very interesting. They had many trade routes and many resources such as salt and gold, their most popular resource was gold. Mansa Musa was their leader and had gone on the Haji as a duty and made their empire known throughout other countries. After that journey the empire had expanded even more that from the start of when their empire first rose up. As you could tell Mansa Musa was a good leader because of the choices he had made to create africa today. In Medieval Africa, Mansa Musa had an Economic impact on Africa because of the duty of islam and the value of gold.

As a historical figure of my assignment I chose to search on Jenni Rivera. She had a dramatic and tragically life before becoming famous. She went through being poor; living she lived in a garage in long beach, California. She was abused, a victim of domestic violence, humiliated, and cheated on as a women, . Aall because of being a young single mother. Rivera, never settled for less, she pursued her dream as a singer; of traditional Mexican music. She went to bars and night clubs to let her voice and name be known, in California. Due to her effort, strength, never giving up, and family support she became an positive influence to many women .

The Byzantine Empire needed the metal to create an economy and many products. The route kept on expanding to be a more traditional trade route of the Silk Road between Europe and the Middle East. The camel caravans and oases were the primary modes of transportation to make it possible for the buyer and seller to communicate about the product and slave. The camels were perfectly suited to the travel through the Sahara from moving for extended periods of time and carrying heavy packages. The transportation also helped cultural exchange between Africans and Arabs. The Trans-Saharan trading enriched the African kingdoms beyond what would have been possible without it.

Lastly between the brothers: Siga who is sent with Tiekoro as protection to Timbuktu who becomes forgotten by his own brother as they refuse him because he is not Muslim. And Naba, who loses his role model, and grieves on his behalf. As Islam continues to spread and conquer more and more lands, the more families become split as parents send their children to schools to learn how to write and speak Arabic. When Tiekoro left for Timbuktu the Troare family continued to divide and separate due to continuous forces by foreign expansion and hunger for riches. As a son of a slave woman who had drowned herself, Siga isn’t regarded with nearly as high as prestige as Tiekoro is, despite them only being a couple hours apart in age. After being banished away for not being Muslim, Siga adjusted to his environment with the help of a kind boy and, after being a donkey boy for a while, decides to go into trade. Trade goes completely against the respectable income of a Bambara nobleman, which can be made through cultivating agriculture because the Troare family “owned plenty of good land planted with millet, cotton, and fonio, worked by hundreds of slaves” (Conde 4). Especially because the Mali Empire had been on fertile land where many different kinds of crops such as ones of sorghum, millet, and fonio could be maintained and the domestication of animals like sheep, goats, and cattle had been strong (Africa 141). Although the way of a Bambara had been agriculture,

Changes in political and cultural traditions during the post-classical period occurred in Africa because of intensive Islamic contact. When Arab conquerors introduced the Islamic faith into northern Africa, they expanded the region of commerce. Muslim merchants established trading centers for copper, iron, salts, and cotton textiles. The newly established trade affected traditional social and religious beliefs. After 1000 C.E., the kin-based social structure experienced difficult challenges. Increased conflict between peoples led to the creation of military forces for both offensive and defensive use. This led to the formation of chiefdoms exhibiting more formal structures of governing such as in the kingdoms of Kongo, Ghana, and Mali. Because most traders were Muslim, many African societies converted to Islam to improve their relations with the

Under Mansa Musa, Mali became the the largest and one of the most renown kingdoms in Africa. Gold was abundant and the empire was prosperous; what more could one ask for? Though as it turns out fame and prosperity can be fleeting. The empire

The legends of the world could, arguably, be attributed to some basis in truth, historical or otherwise, but in the case of Timbuktu, the lines between fact and fiction tend to be rather blurred. Various sources exist which describe the city, but one of the most notable is Leo Africanus, born in Granada in 1485, while the Moors still ruled Spain. The son of a Muslim diplomat, he differed from certain other sources because he was less of an armchair anthropologist than most authors, actually having visited the regions he described in his writings. According to some sources, he may be somewhat responsible for the development of Timbuktu’s “overblown reputation” in Europe due to misinterpretations of his writings, although his account by no