Macaluso

Nevertheless, the unidentified person may have had malnutrition, which would lead to stunted growth in certain areas that happened to not affect the humerus or femur. Back to how the results came out, the students plugged the measurements into certain formulas according to race and gender. By having these differences in formula, it made it more accurate because each race and gender, due to genetics, can make the height different.

Forensic anthropologist examine skeletal remains for elements of a skeleton that can give clues to the person it belongs to. The Kennewick man’s skeleton was found in surprisingly good condition meaning the damage to the skeleton was done in his life, not due to deterioration. The skeleton showed a projectile point lodged in his hip, five broken ribs that did not properly heal, two small dents in his skull, and a bum shoulder. These wounds show an insight to the lifestyle

Race and height were then determined using the skull, humerus and femur. The skull suggested that the victim could have possibly been mixed race, but had strong caucasion characteristics. The humerus and femur showed that the victim was at least four feet and four inches tall but could not be taller than five feet and five inches tall. Theresa Woods, standing at five feet and six inches, and with her full African American background did not match these remains.

According to the article, considerable variation in the parameters used for the analysis of growth, making it difficult to compare results from different studies. The method used most consistently showed poor growth in height and height deficit was possible to compare between studies.

Anthropologists help with identifying human remains by constructing a biological profile. They do this by estimating age, sex, stature, and ancestry, as well as identifying other characteristics such as diseases and injuries (Anđelinović et al. 2005). The anthropologists also analyze injuries that happened around the time of a person’s death which can determine the cause of death (Allmäe, Limbo-Simovart 2015). To learn these things, some questions need to be asked, such as: is it a bone? Is it human? Which bones are present? How many people are represented? Are the remains modern or

3) For the Human Length Measurements the shoulders were measured first from outermost lateral deltoid across to other side in centimeters and inches. Next, upper arm from the greater trochanter to lateral elbow. Then from the forearm which is the lateral elbow to lateral wrist bones was measured. Next, the thigh was measured starting from the greater trochanter to lateral condyle of knee. Finally, the calf was measured from the lateral condyle of knee to lateral ankle malleolus. Data was recorded for all measurements. All measurements were taken in cm and

Figure 2 shows a study that used living participants that underwent radiographs, this type of measuring device is a preferred technique as it is more precise (Igbigbi and Nanono-Igbigbi, 2003). However, a limitation of this study is that alive participants were used, like in many other studies too. This means that all data the recorded and analysed were be based off living people, and in a forensic context, there will mainly only be decomposed remains to take measurements from. This study, and many others will not have taken into account, for example, the symphyseal fibrocartilage where the two pubic bones meet thus forming the subpubic angle. This could cause discrepancies in the size of the angle itself, as this decomposes after death, causing the two innominates to separate. As well as this dry bones may be smaller, also affecting the angles and because of this, it is important to quantify angles based off a model similar to the remains that the model will be applied to, which is skeletonised remains.

Temperance Brennan’s initial analysis of the remains at the scene, she made the conclusion that the victim was female and in her mid-twenties. Although the information is accurate, her statement was premature. When identifying the age and sex portion of the biological profile, Forensic Anthropologists often look at multiple indicators before making a decision. This is due to the range in features the bones can display. For example, a 90° angle of the mandible is a trait congruent in males, however it is not exclusive. Different parts of the skeleton also display a range of indicators in regard to the age of the individual. Age is measured by the amount of growth or degeneration the remains have experienced. Usually, degeneration correlates with older age, however the nutrition and habits of the individual can speed up the process. For example, a young but fully developed female runner may not show much signs of degeneration in her upper extremities as she does on her lower extremities, specifically her knee joints. If anthropologists were to look only at the individual’s knees, they would most likely estimate a much older age. In order for Dr. Brennan to accurate, the skeleton should have been further evaluated to conclusively state the sex and age of the biological

When faced with an unknown set of remains it is a difficult task to establish an age for the individual. The sex and the ethnic origin of the deceased can usually be determined reasonably easily just by observing key characteristics in the bone structures; however working out the age is usually done by giving just a rough estimation, instead of a specific age. This is due to the fact that as age increases, the range for a correct estimation widens and identification becomes even harder.

The measurements include the width, length, diameter, and height of all the metacarpals, giving adequate data to the size of the hand, and joint sizes. Using the data collected from the metacarpals a formula should prove that White Females have distinctly smaller measurement than that of White Males. The difference in measurement is due to the more gracile features of females who need less robust metacarpals because less space for muscle attachment is

In many cases estimation of body height is impossible or difficult because of lower limb amputation, deformities of the trunk or legs, fractures or contractures or in patients who cannot stand and in cases where only fragmentary or mutilated remains of an obscure individual are recovered. However, there is a definite and direct relationship between the height of the person and different parts of the body like trunk, head and lengths of long bone in upper and lower limbs

Dabbs, conducted a study based on sex determination using the scapula in New Kingdom skeletons from Tell El-Amarna.in this project descriptive statistics for the five variables included (Maximum length of the scapula, Maximum length of the spine, Breadth of infraspinous body, Height of glenoid prominence, Breadth of glenoid prominence, which shown the mean and standard deviation of both sexes as well as the t- values for both sexes(15).

Even though we humans are all same species, some difference exist between nationality, race, or gender. Height is one example, which can be mentioned as a difference between people. Human height differs in countries, gender, and age. For example, the average height of Japanese are around 170cm for men and 158cm for women. Compared to these numbers, the average height of men are 183cm and 169cm for women in the Netherlands (“Disabled World”). As being seen in numbers, most people have a stereotype that Japanese are tend to be small compared to people in other countries. Genetic factors and environmental factors can be considered as the reasons of this phenomenon. Although our heights are determined by those factors, people can enhance their

In 1967, scientists we're roaming the Omo Valley in Ethiopia and they discovered what was the first known, and documented member of our species in that of what was called “Omo 1.” (Video Sheet) Thrilled about the discovery, scientists needed to know how old the skeleton they found was. With the use of the Potassium-argon method, they were easily able to pinpoint exactly how old the skeleton was. As it turns out, the skeleton at hand was 195,000 years old. (Video Sheet) Scientists we're extremely please with the find and without the use and technology of Potassium-Argon method they may have never been able to figure out the exact timeframe that this person lived thus not being able to capture a lot

But various parts of the world still do not have built up forensic anthropologists as a component of the medicolegal system. Unfortunately, in many systems, a few pathologists acquainted with osteological techniques make their own anthropological analysis of an obscure skeleton. In recent years, physicians trained in forensic anthropology have been taking an interest in both research and practice [20].