Mary Danley's Conquest

In July 1559, Mary and Francis assumed the royal titles of King and Queen of France since Henry II had died. Her happiness was short, after she learned the death of her mother in June 1560. Six months later, her husband King Francis II was also dead. Mary was devastated and extremely depressed. In spite of these personal tragedies, Mary chose to return to Scotland although it was a different country from the one she had left 13 years ago. In Mary’s absence the Protestant party had gained power in Scotland by abolishing the authority of the pope and forbidding the celebration of the Mass.

Mary Ward was born on January 23, 1585 in North Yorkshire, England to a catholic family. Four years after she was born, in 1589 her family home was burned down in an anti-Catholic attack but she and her sisters were saved by her father. She entered the religious life at the age of 15 by entering the Poor Clare Convent in Saint- Omer in France after feeling a call to a religious life. After a few years, when Mary Ward turned 24 she gathered companions and formed a religious community. However, Church authorities were opposed to the idea because before Mary Ward had gathered women to be active outside of enclosed walls, women would only work in cloistered communities if they wanted to pursue a religious life. Mary was also imprisoned by the English

A few months later, on the 19th of June 1566, Mary gave birth to their son, the future James VI of Scotland and James I of England. Despite having a son together, Mary no longer wanted to be married to Henry, so she turned to a powerful Scottish man, the Earl of Bothwell, James Hepburn at the end of 1566.

He was Spanish and ardently Catholic, not unlike Mary’s mother. Mary adored and craved the attention of Philip, but he did not reciprocate her feelings, and considered her unattractive and old. Rejected by Philip, just as by her father, Mary wanted desperately to produce a male heir. It is unsurprising that she would believe producing an heir would win Philip’s affections, as Henry’s affections tended to stray from any woman who was “unable” to do so. Mary had numerous “phantom pregnancies”, scientifically known as pseudocyesis, in which there was no real pregnancy, but she experienced the physical symptoms of one.

Just as Livia broke through the glass door that prevented women from reaching the same political influence as their male counterparts, Mary II had unusual responsibilities that allowed her to take a greater share in government affairs than the married female monarchs that preceded her. Unlike Livia, however, Mary acted as a legitimizing agent in her husband’s rule. Mary was the daughter of the previous king, James II, and would have been the next to ascend the throne after her husband’s death. William, through his conquest of England, forced James to abdicate the throne. As the only male grandchild of Charles I, his marriage to Mary in 1677 united the two strongest claims to the succession. “To that extent, the joint monarchy was the outcome

After her father’s death, Mary’s Edward, her half-brother took power. She was able to be queen because her half-brother Edward restored her claim, despite Protestants trying to choose someone else. Queen Mary the first did many things in the short time she was in power. Queen Mary only ruled for five years, which was a short empowerment for someone. According to Ryan Lindbuchler, (departments.kings.edu/womens_history/marytudor.html), Mary was the first reigning queen since the disputed Mathilda in the 12th Century. Mary got the nickname Bloody Mary because during her reign, she had more than three hundred people burned at the stake for heresy because they refused to covert to being Catholic (departments.kings.edu/womens_history/marytudor.html). Most historians consider her reign to be very unfruitful in that she never was able to fulfill her dream of returning England to the Roman Catholic Church since her attempt to convert back to Catholicism was stopped after her death(departments.kings.edu/womens_history/marytudor.html).When she was about 37 years old, she was to be married King Philip II of Spain. Two times, Mary was believed to be pregnant, but she never had really children despite desperate attempts to

Although her illegitimacy remained a secret for some time, it came to haunt her after she finally received the throne, and obtained the much yearned for title as The Queen of England. Once she admitted to being born to unmarried parents, she was stripped of her crown and forced to be called “Lady Mary” in the time outside of her queenship, rather than having the title of “Princess Mary” (Mary I). Mary’s hatred for Protestants stemmed from her father's

At French court during the time of King Francis, only Queen Mary of Scots rivaled her influence over Francis. Mary became a Queen only when she was 6 years old. She not only had claims to Scotland but also England as she was the great-granddaughter of Henry VII of England. Though her marriage with King Francis couldn’t last long as he died of an ear infection in 1560, Mary had influence over France in 15th and 16th century. After his death, despite warnings, Mary was brave enough to return to Scotland which was now under Protestants. She was a Catholic herself but Mary ruled successfully and with moderation. But her third marriage in 1565 to Lord Darnley created havoc amongst the nobles and they indirectly helped her execution for supposedly

Alexander Easterday Mr. Pavlinski CP English IV December 2, 2014 Mary Tudor and her Defiance of Protestantism Sixteenth-century England; a country thriving as a nation, expansion, industry, and knowledge was booming under the reign of Henry VIII. After seven wives and two daughters, Henry finally produced a male heir to the throne. His two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, were tossed aside like garbage, leading to Mary’s discontent towards her father and his religious reforms. Mary, now pronounced Catholic, was a strong advocate for Catholicism in a time where Protestantism was prevalent in England under Henry VII’s religious reforms. Mary’s hatred was heightened even more after she was denied the throne after her father’s death.

Mary Margaret is an educator, manager and lawyer. Thus, her professional training and experience have enabled her to provide guidance to clients, students, and colleagues toward the completion of their personal, financial, and professional goals.

Mary, Queen of Scots, was born Mary Stuart on December 8, 1542 to King James V and Mary Guise in Linlithgow, Scotland. Six days after her birth her father King James passed away. Because she was the only living heir to the throne the infant Mary became queen of Scotland. Because Mary was too young to take the throne her mother, Mary of Guise was made regent, a person who is appointed to run the government when a king or queen is too young or ill to take the throne.

Additionally, Mary restructured the economy and reorganised the militia, rebuilt the navy and successfully managed her parliament. By securing the throne, Mary ensured that the crown continued along the legal line of Tudor succession. Meanwhile her death alerted the citizens of England, as well as her enemies and loyalists, many Protestants could be deemed happy. She had been receiving many horrible reviews from Protestants during her reign, and when her reign was over,

Edward died at the age of 15. After Edward’s death, Lady Jane Grey was the queen. However, Mary successfully overthrew her, and Mary was the queen. She reversed the religious changes that were made by Edward because she grew up as a strict Roman Catholic. Everyone now had to be Catholic, and those who rebelled were jailed. As she progressed during her reign, she became more and more aggressive to restore English Catholicism. Mary married Philip II of Spain as a way to bring England and Spain together. Phillip II was almost never home, however, and Mary’s plan failed. She was pregnant twice, but no child was born. Mary started becoming more and more unpopular. She soon started persecuting Protestants. She burned almost 300 convicted people.

Eventually, she reconciled with Elizabeth and she became the next heir to England after Mary’s death. Mary suffered many terrible misfortunes over her lifetime from her parent’s divorce to her belief she was pregnant twice. One of the

“Mary Queen of Scotland and France, whose involvement in the religious and dynastic turbulence of her times led to her abdication and execution.” (Loa 398). On December 8, 1542, Mary Stuart was born to Mary of Guise, the queen of James V of Scotland, in Linlithgow,