In the world today, many are cognizant of the injustices faced by Native Americans as a result of the westward expansion of white settlers. Nevertheless, one incident in the antiquity of White-Indian interactions is, in many ways, distinct, and founds one of the nation’s shadiest moments: the aggressive and forced removal of thousands of Cherokee peoples from their ancestral birthplace in the Southern highlands of Georgia from 1838 to 1839. Known today as “The Trail of Tears,” following their eviction, the Cherokee were made to march hundreds of miles through harsh terrain and weather conditions, in order to get to specific reservations crafted for them in the west at that time. This event, however, was seemingly inevitable, given past interactions between the Natives and the government. The Cherokee people, from the late eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth, faced issues involving their cultural identity and property, both of which would evermore change their traditions, customs, culture, and lives. Though from first hand documents we see that the Cherokee were of the more “civilized” tribes that excelled at espousing to Euro-American society, this was not enough to protect them from the wrath of the American government and settlers. Despite their great effort to persist in their land, they lost, but not without a fight. In this paper, I intend to examine the logical and moral arguments made by white institutions, like the Supreme Court, white settlers like William
During the end of the nineteenth century, the United States had formed policies which reduced land allotted to Native Americans. By enforcing these laws as well as Anglo-American ideals, the United States compromised indigenous people’s culture and ability to thrive in its society.
Imagine a person bought something that the person valued. The person was the owner of the product and took good care of it.Then, all of a sudden, a stranger comes and takes that product and declares it “discovered”. Now since the stranger “discovered” it, the product now has to be shared among them. This is similar to what happened to Native Americans in North America. Native Americans owned and lived in North America for several thousand years. Then, all of a sudden, European explorers came to North America and claimed the land “discovered”. Europeans started moving into the land and later, started sharing the land. Encounters between Europeans and Native Americans in the colonial era led to the exchange of diseases with Native Americans,
After the readings and discussions this week on Native Americans, the information conflicts with my previous knowledge.
When Europeans came to the American continent, contact with the Native Americans who were already living there was inevitable. In the colonization of early America, the various groups of European settlers: the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch each had unique experiences with, and therefore individual opinions of the Native Americans whom they interacted. Each of these nations also shared commonalties in their colonization processes and in how they viewed Native Americans. Furthermore, the Native Americans held differing opinions of each group of Europeans whom they encountered while some features of their relationships with Europeans were consistent despite the tribe or nation involved.
In the 1800’s tensions were rising between the whites and Indians over land. One of the Indian tribes called the Cherokee would be forced to leave their land due to a law passed by Congress called the Indian Removal Act, which detailed the relocation of Indian tribes to a new territory. Because of the law being passed, The Cherokee nation decided to make a strong case to the United States court for keeping their land in Georgia and North Carolina. In their plea to the government, the Cherokee people focused preserving the land of their ancestors and reminding the United States government, they were an independent nation whose rights should be protected under the law.
The world’s history had a turning point in the fifteenth century. The oceans were no longer an obstacle as previously seen to reach beyond. The Europeans felt inferior to the power and wealth of the Islamic world and saw the possibility to claim power and richness by conquering the oceans. During the 15th century and the 16th century Europeans established colonies in the Americas, the so called “New World”. When Europeans arrived in the Americas, most did not even consider that the peoples they encountered had cultural and religious traditions that were different from their own; most believed indigenous communities had no culture or religion at all.
The removal of various members of Native American tribes from their indigenous lands to that which was east of the Mississippi was a widely debated topic in the early portion of the 19th century. Morally, proponents of this action cited the fact that these Native Americans were "savages" (Jackson) with no rights to their land; legally, they were expected to adhere to the rights of the states and the federal government of the U.S. Those who were against Indian removal believed that legally they were entitled to their land because of their lengthy history in occupying it, and that morally their rights as people substantiated their claims to the land. A review of both arguments reflects the fact that the latter position is the most convincing.
When we think of the first people in America, of course, we think of Christopher Columbus. Yet, the first people were the Cherokee Indians. They are the second largest and most powerful tribe of the “Five Civilized Tribes”, that live on lands many, many years before the white man set foot on their soil. Regrettably, the Cherokee’s were brutally removed from their homes, where they lived for 30,000 years. This expedition was the Trail of Tears; this paper will show the effects the Trail of Tears had on the Cherokee Indians.
The Trail of Tears represents one of the most catastrophic eras in the history of the United States. It was the start of the Cherokee tribe’s extermination. The Cherokee Indians have existed on this mainland way longer than anybody of British background however, they were removed in a ruthless style, from their homeland, on which they have lived for countless centuries. This paper will show and prove the detrimental effect it had on the Cherokee. It will be expressed through the way they existed before they were forced off, address the situation that led to their elimination, explain the conditions of travel, and tell what has happened to the Cherokee following the Trail of Tears.
In 1836, the United States and the state of Georgia forced the Cherokee Indian tribe to leave their home in Georgia and move on to the West. Long story short, the tribe did not want to move, and they also trusted that they had the legal right to stay. In the early 1830’s this disagreement brought two movements at law in the Supreme Court
As American settlers had continued to populate the expansive land the United States of America which had lay before them, the Native Americans, who had resided there for hundreds of years prior to the Revolutionary War, had become increasingly troubled with every passing moment. Soon, they realized, they would be overtaken entirely by the settlers of the newfound nation. As such, in 1830, the Congress of the United States had passed the Indian Removal Act, which had forced all Native American tribes into specially-designated reservations, where their underlying spiritual bonds had effectively been permanently separated. Indeed, the Indian Removal Act had been extremely powerful, but not in ways that had been beneficial to either party. Hence, its passing and subsequent institution, manifested as the infamous Trail of Tears, had been an error on the part of the United States Congress, in all basic aspects of morality, politics, the Constitution, and practicality of survival and thriving. Specifically, moral aspects included concerns relating to driving Native Americans from their long-time homeland without their consent, alongside the breaking of their spiritual statuses. Political perspectives against the Indian Removal Act had revolved around the notions of value, progress, and improvement, paired with the ramifications and intentions of treaties passed by Congress. Constitutional viewpoints had protested against the Act in that they had insisted the lack of reasoned
The Cherokee are perhaps one of the most interesting of Native American Groups. Their life and culture are closely intertwined with early American settlers and the history of our own nation’s struggle for freedom. In the interest of promoting tolerance and peace, and with regard to the United States government’s handling of Native affairs, their story is one that is painful, stoic, and must not be forgotten.
Most of us have learnt about the Trail of Tears as an event in American history, but not many of us have ever explored why the removal of the Indians to the West was more than an issue of mere land ownership. Here, the meaning and importance of land to the original Cherokee Nation of the Southeastern United States is investigated. American land was seen as a way for white settlers to profit, but the Cherokee held the land within their hearts. Their removal meant much more to them than just the loss of a material world. Historical events, documentations by the Cherokee, and maps showing the loss of Cherokee land work together to give a true Cherokee
For Native Americans, life prior to contact with the Europeans would in many ways starkly contrast what would become of their societies after European influence. While one of the most apparent features of Native American societies included their great diversity, daily life for the Native Americans had some common key elements. For one, subsistence practices to feed their tribes must have made up most of their days, because in Native American societies it is stated in the book that, “there were no beggars among them”. According to Khan Academy, in 5000 BC, the domestication of corn (maize) would spur the development of agriculture, which would become a key feature needed for settled civilizations. This would change daily lives of Natives from a reliance on hunting and gathering to a reliance more on agricultural practices. Depending on the location of the society, daily life contrasted. Natives adapted to their environment and their methods of subsistence adapted to it as well (fishing, hunting, gathering, agricultural practices). For example, in more arid areas, Natives survived by hunting bison and following herds of animals. Pueblo people in the Southwest adapted by creating irrigation systems to provide water for their agriculture. Overall, it was the men that spent their daily lives hunting and fishing. Some major crops included maize (corn), squash, and beans. Another key element of Native American life included religious practices. Their daily lives would’ve consisted
Native Americans Indians faced numerous challenges to their survival as people on their own lands in the eighteenth century. The Indians found themselves under severe pressure by settlers and speculators in the new nation interested in expanding east and westward of North America, either by acquiring Indian lands by treaty or by force. The American people at the time viewed Native Americans as uncivilized and savage. In May of 1830, Congress passed The Indian Removal Act, headed by President Andrew Jackson[3]. Even Thomas Jefferson, who often cited the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois Confederacy as the model for the U.S. Constitution, supported Indian Removal as early as 1802[5]. Its main goal was the removal of the southeastern Indian tribes. Jackson convinced the American Indians that with whites surrounding the Indian, their culture was slowly being destroyed. It was the Native American who suffered most from Andrew Jackson's vision of America. With all this in mind the Indian Removal act was inhuman and in no doubt it should've been done differently. This journey of the removal was called the Trail of Tears, and this paper will show the effect it had on the Cherokee.