Newton's Romano-Louis Boulle Accomplishments

The human body is the ultimate tool for discovering the environment. Human anatomy is considered to be nature’s peak of perfection and certain features serve as inspiration for many architects. To study the relationship between the human body and architecture, one must not be limited to human body parts resemblance to architectural works but to a larger extent consider human emotions, sensory nerves, the mind and general human psychology. In essence everything that makes us human. In its simplest definition Architecture can be described as an art or practice of designing buildings. It is practiced in a way that accomplishes both practical and communicative or expressive requirements. To relate it to human body then Architecture can widely define the place, the site, the energy, the systems, the building, the flora and fauna. These components that bring aesthetic property to humanity apart from the utilitarian purpose it serves. The perfect balance of a normal human body and the proportions are incorporated into architecture from a point of view of imitation, idealized allusion and the actual human use. Evidence of such human incorporation into architecture is seen from the Ancient Greek Architectures where it was common for tower columns to take shape of a human being like in the colossus of the Ancient

Architecture is often mistaken as purely an art form, when in actually it is where art and engineering or art and practicality meet. For example, painting is an art, when preformed well it yields a beautiful picture that evokes a deep human reaction and brings pleasure to its viewer, however this painting provides no function, it cannot shield us from the rain or protect us from the wind or snow, it is purely form. An insulated aluminum shed provides shelter and protection from Mother Nature; however, it is a purely functional building, it was drawn by an engineer, not conceived by an artist to have form. The culmination of form and function is Architecture, the Greeks and Romans fathered this idea and Palladio’s study of roman architecture taught him his valuable truth.

Charles Rennie Mackintosh , architect, interior designer and watercolourist, was one of the most enigmatic personalities contributing to the rise of Modern Architecture during the early 20th Century. ‘Mackintosh saw things differently, he was a modern man, ahead of his time.’ As an architect he applied his sense of three-dimensional form to create distinctly sculptural works including buildings and furniture. A terrific draughtsman, the young Mackintosh sketched the architectural tradition of Scotland, England and Italy. He was a man of great genius and a pioneer of the Modern Movement; yet he was virtually forgotten even before his death.

Different architects have different styles because they are trying to get at different things. Architecture is not just about making something beautiful anymore, it is about trying to get across a set of ideas about how we inhabit space. Two of the most famous architects of the twentieth century, one from each side, the early part and the later part up until today each designed a museum with money donated by the Guggenheim foundation. One of these is in New York City, it was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The other is in bilbao, Spain, and it was designed by Frank Geary. My purpose of this paper is to interrogate each of these buildings, glorious for different reasons, to show how each architect was expressing their own style.

In the World Like Colossus, the author mentions various types of architect’s version of the truth or the gaze. Each architect, while not directly saying, implies that their truth is absolute. This brings to question is there is such a thing as one universal truth to the way we see and experience architecture; whether it’s through Le Corbusier’s sketching or Mendelsohn’s photography, immersing yourself in the experience or taking a quick view of it. I think the diversity of each architect’s viewpoint negates the idea that one should be a “universal truth”-- instead we should embrace the different opinions of each traveler to form a more holistic approach to whatever truth we may

Jacques-Louis David was born from the wealthy Paris family in 1748 (Mullen 2015, 3). When he was small, his father was dead from the duel and his mother left him to an architect uncle. David’s uncle sent him to the Collège des Quatre-Nations, University of Paris and wished to educate him as a professional architect

Art and architecture can be traced back to several years ago where the designs and styles of today's buildings have gone through a transformation. Famous architects were involved in modifying the styles to suit each period and in most cases, they were dictated by the leadership of the day. Although architectural designs were carried down from one period to another most of them were modified and better than the former. The paper will, therefore, describe the Altes Museum and the lever house. Besides, it will draw similarities and, or differences between the two architectural designs.

Sir Isaac Newton is one of the most important scientists in history with Albert Einstein, Aristotle, and Galileo. He was born in Woolsthorpe, England on January 4, 1643 and died March 31, 1727 in London, England. During his lifetime Newton discovered and invented many things, while also studying lots of classic philosophers and astronomers. Newton’s wide range of discoveries formed the basis for modern physics. Not only did he give us the three laws of motion, but he also gave us the origins of color and calculus. These discoveries play big roles in our world today.

One of his most notable discoveries was his development of calculus. Some other notable mathematic discoveries included the binomial theorem, a method for approximating the roots of a function, and the classification of most cubic plane curves. He formed many of these ideas alone in his house after being sent home from college: “Pious Isaac stayed in his room / to do alchemy all day” (The Ballad of Sir Isaac Newton). He demonstrated clear devotion to his studies even when given two off years from Trinity. His work eventually focused on gravity and planetary motion. But the motions of the planets / they kept whirling in his head / the riddle of ellipses / solved at Halley's dare” (The Ballad of Sir Isaac Newton). He wrote his book Principia about his developed laws of motion and universal gravitation. The first practical reflecting telescope was later developed by Newton, leading him to his studies surrounding optics. He based his theory of color on the fact that white light can be separated into a visible spectrum. It was these discoveries that made Isaac Newton such a notable character in

The eighteenth-century city was a place in which actual physical space was subjected to a complex mental layering of conceptual spaces, focusing on the design theory of architects as Boullee and Durand, with his charts. Which legacy was continued later on through the architecture of Paul Philippe Cret, Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Kahn, some of the most outstanding modern architects of 18th-19th century. Furthermore, distinctive features of neoclassicism and outlines

The architectural sublime combines in various manners the spatial sublime, with the cosmological sublime, as found either in response to the vast and awe inspiring scenes of nature or in the theological renditions of the cosmos1. Etienne- Louis Boullee’s Cenotaph for Newton can be considered a sublime work of architecture as it tries to communicate a cosmological truth, while giving the spectators a psychophysical sensation of expanding, reaching an artificial infinity. Boullee aimed to honor Isaac Newton for having discovered the single principle that regulated the workings of the universe – gravity – by burying his spirit “within his discovery” that is, within the cosmos.2

Salomon de Brosse (1571-1626) was one of the first French architects to adopt the baroque style, in the construction of the Palais du Luxembourg. French Baroque is known for its opulence, although it has roots in the Portuguese word baroque meaning “imperfect pearl” not everything baroque is imperfect. Louis Le Vau was the main architect and designer of the Palace of Versailles known as a perfectionist and credited with introducing the full baroque style to France. Architect and designer, Charles le Brun and Andre Le Norte known for designing enormous formal gardens were also used as architects on the Palace of Versailles. My project exemplifies French Baroque structure by showing elaborate marble flooring, stone columns, carved corbels, decorative iron, arched pane doors, balustrades, carved medallions, statues, intricate gold carvings and a focal point of an enormous gold carved

Centered in the house is a ramp that takes you on a journey from the underbelly of the house on the ground floor to the main body on the first floor and then on to a roof garden. Throughout the house views of the surrounding nature are framed, your mind is free marvel, as the forms evoke a sense of exploration and delight. Villa Savoye is better experienced than viewed through an image, only then can you understand the greater meaning and purpose that informs its beauty. One might argue that this is not beautiful architecture and a poor example, however upon visiting this house you cannot deny that the house is beautiful in its own right, evoking a response from the occupant. Le Corbusier’s masterpiece is moving; therefore achieving what he believed architecture to be about. This experience and the emotion that is felt can only be described in words. Shapes play a big role in the architecture but clearly the meanings behind are more important.

The five principles of architecture that Le Corbusier proposed in 1923 can be noted in, not only Le Corbusier’s work, but also in other modern architecture, because each principle contributes to the overall aesthetic of the building, as well as providing a functional use. However, all five principles don’t have to be incorporated into one design, which is what this essay will explore. It will attempt to show that one principle can prevail over the other four, but all five are needed to create a full representation of Le Corbusier’s envision of architecture. This is shown through Le Corbusier’s villas, specifically the Villa Shodhan and this essay will analyse how the principles contrast against one another. Furthermore, a small scale design project will be created alongside the essay in an attempt to produce a unique villa through the embodiment of Le Corbusier’s five principles of architecture. Through further analysis of the Villa Shodhan I will also argue that not all principles are independent and that some principles can function efficiently without the rest. Nonetheless, Le Corbusier’s most renowned villa, Villa Savoye, utilizes all five principles; therefore, it is the most accurate image of Le Corbusier’s five principles of architecture. However, after this villa had been completed it became clear that the flat roof, which served a domestic purpose as a roof garden had failed

“I create architectural order on the basis of geometry… and in this way to develop a theory of parts that is founded on the sensibility of the Japanese people”. As a child growing up in front of a wood workshop, being fascinated by what he saw, at the age of 10 – 17 Ando became an apprentice, learning to create wooden models and the skills of a carpenter. There he discovered the beauty of the balance between a form and the material it is made of. However it was not until he was 18, when he discovered a book about Le Corbusier and began to travel and analyse traditional and contemporary architecture in Japan, Europe and the United States, he came to understand these relationships in actual architecture as an entire physical being. (pritzker prize). His visit to the Pantheon in Rome and Le Corbusier’s Únite d’Habitation flourished his own understanding of spatial