Newton's Romano-Louis Boulle Accomplishments

The human body is the ultimate tool for discovering the environment. Human anatomy is considered to be nature’s peak of perfection and certain features serve as inspiration for many architects. To study the relationship between the human body and architecture, one must not be limited to human body parts resemblance to architectural works but to a larger extent consider human emotions, sensory nerves, the mind and general human psychology. In essence everything that makes us human. In its simplest definition Architecture can be described as an art or practice of designing buildings. It is practiced in a way that accomplishes both practical and communicative or expressive requirements. To relate it to human body then Architecture can widely define the place, the site, the energy, the systems, the building, the flora and fauna. These components that bring aesthetic property to humanity apart from the utilitarian purpose it serves. The perfect balance of a normal human body and the proportions are incorporated into architecture from a point of view of imitation, idealized allusion and the actual human use. Evidence of such human incorporation into architecture is seen from the Ancient Greek Architectures where it was common for tower columns to take shape of a human being like in the colossus of the Ancient

Sir Isaac Newton, an astronomer, mathematician, and a scientist is described to be "one of the greatest names in history of human thought.”  According to biography.com, Newton was born on December 25, 1642 in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, and was interested in creating mechanic toys as a young boy (2016). He even invented an impressive, small windmill, which would grind wheat and corn, at a young age. Newton explored beyond the secrets of light and color, found gravity, and even discovered a new form of mathematics, called calculus. It was Newton who had explained why a rock is heavier than a pebble, and how earth's gravity could hold the moon in its orbit. Isaac Newton’s discoveries proved him

The eighteenth-century city was a place in which actual physical space was subjected to a complex mental layering of conceptual spaces, focusing on the design theory of architects as Boullee and Durand, with his charts. Which legacy was continued later on through the architecture of Paul Philippe Cret, Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Kahn, some of the most outstanding modern architects of 18th-19th century. Furthermore, distinctive features of neoclassicism and outlines

One of his most notable discoveries was his development of calculus. Some other notable mathematic discoveries included the binomial theorem, a method for approximating the roots of a function, and the classification of most cubic plane curves. He formed many of these ideas alone in his house after being sent home from college: “Pious Isaac stayed in his room / to do alchemy all day” (The Ballad of Sir Isaac Newton). He demonstrated clear devotion to his studies even when given two off years from Trinity. His work eventually focused on gravity and planetary motion. But the motions of the planets / they kept whirling in his head / the riddle of ellipses / solved at Halley's dare” (The Ballad of Sir Isaac Newton). He wrote his book Principia about his developed laws of motion and universal gravitation. The first practical reflecting telescope was later developed by Newton, leading him to his studies surrounding optics. He based his theory of color on the fact that white light can be separated into a visible spectrum. It was these discoveries that made Isaac Newton such a notable character in

The Royal Society asked for a demonstration of his reflecting telescope in 1671. They were very surprised and amazed of the distance and clarity of the scope. However, not everyone at the Royal Academy was enthusiastic about Newton's discoveries in

The architectural sublime combines in various manners the spatial sublime, with the cosmological sublime, as found either in response to the vast and awe inspiring scenes of nature or in the theological renditions of the cosmos1. Etienne- Louis Boullee’s Cenotaph for Newton can be considered a sublime work of architecture as it tries to communicate a cosmological truth, while giving the spectators a psychophysical sensation of expanding, reaching an artificial infinity. Boullee aimed to honor Isaac Newton for having discovered the single principle that regulated the workings of the universe – gravity – by burying his spirit “within his discovery” that is, within the cosmos.2

Sir Isaac Newton is one of the most renowned and influential physicists of all time. Born in Lincolnshire, England on Christmas day in 1642, he was premature and not expected to survive when born. At twelve years old, Newton began attending a grammar school in Grantham, where he stayed with an apothecary. He was intrigued by the apothecary’s work, but by the time he turned seventeen he was sent back to his home in Lincolnshire to become a farmer. Not only did he dislike being a farmer, but he was a terrible one, so, at his uncle’s encouragement, he left home and went to study at Trinity College in Cambridge. (Fowler, 2008, p. 1) At the college, students were only allowed in the library, which contained around three thousand books, if they were accompanied by a faculty member. However, Newton was able to read many works of great thinkers such as Galileo Galilei and René Descartes while at Trinity. (Gleick, 2003, p. 25) Isaac paid for his own schooling by waiting tables, cleaning rooms of his teachers and peers, and through academic scholarships. (Fowler, 2008, p. 1) Newton received his bachelors and masters degree from Trinity. (Louviere, 2005) When the plague hit Cambridge in 1665, Newton

Salomon de Brosse (1571-1626) was one of the first French architects to adopt the baroque style, in the construction of the Palais du Luxembourg. French Baroque is known for its opulence, although it has roots in the Portuguese word baroque meaning “imperfect pearl” not everything baroque is imperfect. Louis Le Vau was the main architect and designer of the Palace of Versailles known as a perfectionist and credited with introducing the full baroque style to France. Architect and designer, Charles le Brun and Andre Le Norte known for designing enormous formal gardens were also used as architects on the Palace of Versailles. My project exemplifies French Baroque structure by showing elaborate marble flooring, stone columns, carved corbels, decorative iron, arched pane doors, balustrades, carved medallions, statues, intricate gold carvings and a focal point of an enormous gold carved

Art and architecture can be traced back to several years ago where the designs and styles of today's buildings have gone through a transformation. Famous architects were involved in modifying the styles to suit each period and in most cases, they were dictated by the leadership of the day. Although architectural designs were carried down from one period to another most of them were modified and better than the former. The paper will, therefore, describe the Altes Museum and the lever house. Besides, it will draw similarities and, or differences between the two architectural designs.

Architecture is often mistaken as purely an art form, when in actually it is where art and engineering or art and practicality meet. For example, painting is an art, when preformed well it yields a beautiful picture that evokes a deep human reaction and brings pleasure to its viewer, however this painting provides no function, it cannot shield us from the rain or protect us from the wind or snow, it is purely form. An insulated aluminum shed provides shelter and protection from Mother Nature; however, it is a purely functional building, it was drawn by an engineer, not conceived by an artist to have form. The culmination of form and function is Architecture, the Greeks and Romans fathered this idea and Palladio’s study of roman architecture taught him his valuable truth.

“Architecture should speak of its time and place, but yearn for timelessness.” (Gehry, 2012). What Frank Gehry was trying to say in simple terms was our culture cannot do without proper appreciation of its classical roots and it goes without saying that the Romans and Greeks have influenced art and architecture with its classical style in a number of different ways. Allow me to give a definition for the word classical. “Classical” refers to any art or architecture modelled after ancient Roman or Greek styles. In this essay I will be discussing what the word architecture means in architecture, tracing its origins through Greek and Roman civilisation and comparing the key similarities of these two different but similar influential cultures. I will also be referring to a few examples of past and present examples of classical styles and scrutinizing from these examples why and how the style of classical architecture has evolved and still stayed appropriate in our very different contemporary cultures.

On the contrary, German architect Gottfried Semper studied architecture in Paris. He was heavily influenced by the debate of polychromy in classical antiquity, which was a challenge to the aesthetic tenets of classicism. This had ultimately leaded to the collapse of the view that most classical structures are “white”. Like Soane, Semper also went on the Grand Tour as a mode of architectural education. This trip turns out to be momentous for his artistic development. As he took detail drawings painted structures along the way as seen in figure 2. Later, Semper published his influential “Preliminary Remarks on Polychrome Architecture and Sculpture in Antiquity” in which Semper suggests colour becomes the way in which the meaning of the building was articulated. His findings reinforces the argument that great periods of arts have always exploited color and the insensitivity to polychromy was at heart a prejustice fostered by out model aesthetics of Neo-Classism. Semper’s application of the theory can be seen in the sketch of the Art History Museum facade in Vienna showed in figure 3. It is a prefect case of how Semper tries to apply colours in his design. Therefore it can be see that right from the start, Soane and Semper was destined to be different in architecture style.

“I create architectural order on the basis of geometry… and in this way to develop a theory of parts that is founded on the sensibility of the Japanese people”. As a child growing up in front of a wood workshop, being fascinated by what he saw, at the age of 10 – 17 Ando became an apprentice, learning to create wooden models and the skills of a carpenter. There he discovered the beauty of the balance between a form and the material it is made of. However it was not until he was 18, when he discovered a book about Le Corbusier and began to travel and analyse traditional and contemporary architecture in Japan, Europe and the United States, he came to understand these relationships in actual architecture as an entire physical being. (pritzker prize). His visit to the Pantheon in Rome and Le Corbusier’s Únite d’Habitation flourished his own understanding of spatial

There are many books, fine art prints, articles in journals and magazines about architectural photography by some excellent photographers, emphasising architecture’s visual strength, design and conceptual quality, without which there would be no challenges for the photographer to attempt to capture in the first instance. Architectural photography has an immense capacity to stimulate the wonder of the man-made world in a virtuoso manner. The intrinsic worth of a successful work of decorative art photography is that it can open up new perceptions. Through photography buildings exude a visual charge and imaginative possibilities beyond their everyday functions, giving the viewer an interesting and engaging ocular experience, and a visual understanding of the world.

Centered in the house is a ramp that takes you on a journey from the underbelly of the house on the ground floor to the main body on the first floor and then on to a roof garden. Throughout the house views of the surrounding nature are framed, your mind is free marvel, as the forms evoke a sense of exploration and delight. Villa Savoye is better experienced than viewed through an image, only then can you understand the greater meaning and purpose that informs its beauty. One might argue that this is not beautiful architecture and a poor example, however upon visiting this house you cannot deny that the house is beautiful in its own right, evoking a response from the occupant. Le Corbusier’s masterpiece is moving; therefore achieving what he believed architecture to be about. This experience and the emotion that is felt can only be described in words. Shapes play a big role in the architecture but clearly the meanings behind are more important.