Orphanages In The 1800s

Due to the alarmingly high rate of Indian children being removed from their homes, the Indian Child Welfare Act was created in 1978; this came as a result of a widespread belief that their child-rearing practices were considered neglectful in comparison to white families (Krager & Stoesz, 2010; Palmiste, 2011). Indian children removed from their tribal groups and families were placed in the child welfare system, which included adoptions and foster care, or they were sent to boarding schools (Palmsite, 2011). Early American history was plagued with discrimination and racism towards groups that were thought of as inferior, some of which were Native Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Mexican Americans. The culture and values of the American Indians were disregarded and viewed as inferior and they were regarded as subordinate. White supremacy has always been dominant and their values were inflicted onto the indigenous groups and minority groups of people. Ethnocentrism, a belief that one culture is superior, has been prevalent since the colonization of the United States of America.

Raising children is one of the most important responsibilities in any society. Today, working parents have many options, but what about those children who have neither a mother nor father? What about those children who come from broken and abusive homes? In such cases there are often few choices. Parentless children may be placed in orphanages or in foster homes. Ideally, foster care offers children more personalized attention than would normally be available at a public or private situation. However, orphanage care is notoriously uneven. While some children are indeed in loving homes, others find themselves neglected or

The foster care is known to be the current system to manage social issues related to the child neglect and abuse. It grew out of a system being used by every class and due to certain economic conditions. The officials designated as considering poor had authority to indenture children from poor families than the providence of relief. Besides indenture by government officials, children were formally placed with other family to learn trade. The relationship indenture was based on expectations and economic aspects to provide formal education along with emotional and psychological needs. It appears logical that the system is required to attend the possible effects of foster care on children (Minnis, et al., 2001). Over the years, researchers outside the system have conducted different studies related to the foster care that provided mixed information. ===== concluded that the initial process of separation of children from their parents is considered as catastrophic or unpleasant. The initial parting is found to be dramatic and frightening for children being inappropriately prepared. Older children report their relief upon separation from their parents due to conflicts in home and they were often found to be sad. Such sort of experiences among children regardless

The guardians understood that the children were born just to die at a young age. They understood that many people looked at them as monsters and not as human beings. With that in mind, the guardians did not get emotionally attached to the children. In The Effects of Early Social-Emotional and Relationship Experience on the Development of Young Orphanage Children, the main focus is on how children in orphanages react to certain types of caregivers. The caregivers who worked with the children at the orphanage seem to have the same concerns as the guardians working at Hailsham. On page 108 it says, “ Staff initially wondered if it was a good idea for children to have close relationships with caregivers when many would go to harsher and less affectionate and responsive environments in the future”.

Racial disproportionality and disparity in child welfare represents a multifaceted phenomenon originating from historical, theoretical socioeconomic and policy trends that has shaped this service over the past decades. There are many theories that have been proposed to explain why racial disproportionality and disparity exists in child welfare. It has been recognized the underlying roots of racial disproportionality and disparity are intricate and often coincides. Racial disproportionate in child welfare will be the focus of this research. I will focus on Racial Bias and Discrimination of the child welfare agencies, particularly the child protective services. The research suggests the one of the reasons for the over representation of minority(colored) children in child welfare come from the different treatment of race or due to racial biases (Chung, 1998). This theory also suggests this treatment can be external or internal in the welfare system; however I will focus only on the implication of internal welfare agencies (i.e. child protective specialist). Child protective specialists’ culture and policies may lead to unbalanced treatment of families of color. CPS workers may have biases towards families of color which could affect the decision making at any point of the investigation. This may not have occurred intentionally by the worker, however, due to institutional racism, which may stem from policies and practices has posited to contribute to

Unfamiliar with extended family child-rearing practices and communal values, government social service workers attempted to ‘rescue’ children from their Aboriginal families and communities, devastating children’s lives and furthering the destitution of many families. Culture and ethnicity were not taken into consideration as it was assumed that the child, being pliable, would take on the heritage and culture of the foster/adoptive parents (Armitage, 1995). The forced removal of children and youth from their Native communities has been linked with social problems such as “high suicide rate, sexual exploitation, substance use and abuse, poverty, low educational achievement and chronic unemployment” (Lavell-Harvard and Lavell, 2006, p.144). Newly designated funds from the federal to the provincial governments were “the primary catalysts for state involvement in the well-being of Aboriginal children…as Ottawa guaranteed payment for each child apprehended” (Lavell-Harvard and Lavell, 2006, p.145). Exporting Aboriginal children to the United States was common practice. Private American adoption agencies paid Canadian child welfare services $5,000 to $10,000 per child (LavellHarvard and Lavell, 2006). These agencies rarely went beyond confirming the applicant’s ability to pay, resulting in minimal screening and monitoring of foster or adoptive parents (Fournier and

There is lots of evidence to support this theory of maternal deprivation. However, it has been said that the quality of the relationship is more important and separation is not classed to be the same as deprivation (Wooton 1959). Although, regardless of whether it was due to separation or deprivation, it could be said that Rollins experienced both.

In the United States there are over 500,000 children living in foster homes with approximately two-thirds of the population being African-American children who remain in care longer than any others do (American, 2005). Of the 500,000 children, only two out of three reunite with their birth parents within two years (American, 2005). The most common reason is abuse but it is not always the reason for a child’s placement into foster care. Several factors play a role, such as, abandonment, death of a parent or guardian, incarceration, and physical or emotional illness (American, 2005). Over the past ten years, there has been a decrease in the number of foster parents, who are non-relative, available to care for children.

The literature suggest the one of the reason for over representation of minority(colored) children in child welfare results from the different treatment of race or racial bias (attitudinal dimension) an discrimination (behavioral dimension) (mortion, 1999; Roberts, 2002). This theory also suggests, this treatment can be external or internal in the welfare system; however I will focus only on the implication of internal welfare agencies (i.e. child protective specialist). Child protective specialists’ culture and policies may lead to inequitable treatment of families of color. CPS workers may have biases towards families of color which could affect the decision making at any point of the investigation. This may not have occurred intentionally by the worker however due to institutional racism which

Foster care is a system that evolved from children being maltreated in the past. Starting in the 1700s children were treated as property and not as humans. Many children worked for free to pay off debt for their families. One of the places families dreaded the most were almshouses. Almshouses were used to assist the elderly and the poor. During the 1700s almshouses were one of the only options for aid to the poor families. These families faced the possibilities of being turned away because they were not married before having children or because they do not have the ability to physically work off the debt they gain from receiving charity from the almshouse. During the civil war in the 1800s orphanages were formed to give families a better chance to live a quality life and not have to pay back those who are helping. Orphanages began to focus on children who had been neglected and did not have a family to rely on after the first child protective service investigation. In the investigation it is discovered that a 10 year old girl was being whipped and cut with scissors by her mother. From then on the government began to work on the cps system while Charles Loring Brace formed orphan trains. Orphan trains gathered all the children without a home a transported them to another area where a family could take care of them. At the time it all sounded good but unfortunately, there were very few children who had a success story from orphanages. Many children on orphan trains suffered

Today, the orphanage remains common and essential in most parts of the world, even if the term has changed to such softer language as ”social institution”, "group home," "children's home," or "rehabilitation center." Such institutions are widely common in the third world and not common in the European community.

During the 18 and 1900’s it was an encumbrance to care for children, The Orphan Train Movement took a stand by giving children nourishing homes and liberties. Immediately after changing protection and government acts it gave parents the relief of their child having a more successful life than they were born into. Many legacies are still alive today from The orphan Movement including, The Children’s Aid Society, modern day orphanages, and the reformed lives of 150,000 children. At the end of the civil war many parents were not in the position to care for a child. Orphanages became more of reformatory than a comfortable protection.

Before Mr. Brace, the only safe havens for homeless children were orphan asylums and almshouses. Mr. Brace and a group of social reformers founded the Children’s Aid Society in 1853 with the belief that institutional care destroyed children. The Children’s Aid Society believed that transforming orphans and street children into productive citizens required

The purpose of this research is to bring about change and provide valuable information that will help improve the lives of black workers, and the black communities who often are involved with the child welfare system. In addition, calling out all forms of oppression that is imbedded in our system. The objective is to isolate and identify the absolute reason why children are over represented in state care. Secondly, to capturing the voices and experiences of Black workers and Families who are involved with the system in hopes of gathering themes and major issue that continue to affect the black community. Lastly to contribute to the published literature to help advocates and social workers to identify forms of

Deprivation is defined as a reduced fulfillment of an essential desire or need. Studies on the development of children reared in institutions and orphanages help us to look at the effects of deprivation. Institutionalised children are reported to perform poorly on intelligence tests and to be slow learners with specific difficulties in language and social development, in comparison to orphaned children. They also have problems concentrating and forming emotional relationships, and are often described as attention seeking. Children who are exposed to institutions for a sensitive period,