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Paradox In Macbeth

Decent Essays

The paradox at the heart of Macbeth, that fair is foul and foul is fair, makes the audience ultimately sympathise with Macbeth. The phrase, "fair is foul and foul is fair," is a recurring theme within Shakespeare's play, The Tragedy of Macbeth, which occurs on many levels. The words, "fair is foul and foul is fair" lets one understand the paradox from a sectional standpoint as well as the play in its entirety. The paradox reflects Scotland the way we see it in the play. Even before Duncan is murdered, Scotland is in a topsy-turvy state. As the witches met in the first act of the play in the first scene, they observed Macbeth. The three witches all hissed simultaneously, "Fair is foul and foul is fair/Hover through the fog and filthy air." (1.i.10). This establishes the topsy-turvy atmosphere. Shortly after, the phrase is repeated by Macbeth. This occurs right before they meet the three witches, and that one phrase is a foreshadowing of what is to come. It is repeated in the play several times by different characters, but most of the time the paradox is expressed through the supernatural happenings. Macbeth's first line of the play echoes the earlier words of the three witches: 'So foul and fair a day I have not seen.' (1.iii.38). When we first meet Macbeth, he has been victorious in battle. However, with this victory, many people have lost their lives. He describes the day as ‘foul’ because of the death, but then as ‘fair’ because he was a brave and strong leader. Two-thirds of the tragedy traces Macbeth's career after killing Duncan. Before this happens, Macbeth is loyal to Duncan; he won the war for Duncan. This is where the paradox comes in - Macbeth is befouled my Lady Macbeth. This is where the paradox comes in; it is a major turning point in the play. In Act 1, scene 5, Lady Macbeth reads a letter that she has received from Macbeth. The letter announces Macbeth’s promotion to the thaneship of Cawdor and details his meeting with the witches. Lady Macbeth murmurs that she knows Macbeth is ambitious, but fears he is “too full of th’ milk of human kindness” (1.v.15) to take the steps necessary to make himself king. None of the standard moral objections or prospects of retribution are strong

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