Pathophysiology Of Adsulitis

2. During inspection of the patient’s affected shoulder, name at least three key clinical aspects that you need to observe on both shoulders that would suggest any pathology or abnormality on the shoulders. From the three clinical aspects that you observed, explain what each of the findings would indicate concerning the pathology of the shoulder. For example if the shoulder is

Instability Impingement. This occurs in younger patients, typically 15-30 years old. The rotator cuff is irritated because the shoulder is loose in the socket. This often happens in baseball pitchers, swimmers, and other throwing athletes. Shoulder instability can be classified into two different types, dislocations and subluxations. Dislocations happen when the head of the humerus completely pops out of the socket. The first few times this happens, it is usually with significant trauma although some people can have these without any injury at all. After that, it can get easier and easier for the joint to dislocate. Most shoulder dislocations are anterior - this means that the ball pops out the front of the socket. Subluxations are the feeling that the shoulder slips slightly out of socket, then immediately comes back in place. This often happens without any major trauma. Sometimes it happens in people who are very "loose-jointed". Sometimes these happen in just one direction like out the front, "anterior", and other times they happen out multiple directions like the front and back,

Adhesive capsulitis is an increasingly common injury found in sports rehabilitation and exercise medicine. Due to the increase in older athletes adhesive capsulitis is also on the rise. Somewhere between 2% and 3% of the adult population between the ages of 40 and 70 develop the condition at some point in their lives, with it being more common in women (Norris, 2011).

MRI of the right shoulder dated 07/20/2017 revealed a near full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon with a thin portion of the bursal surface intact. There was an associated tendinosis. There was a SLAP tear of the labrum, as well as, the anterior inferior labral tearing with a possible bony or hyaline cartilage injury. There was infraspinatus and subscapularis tendinosis without evidence of a tear, retraction, or atrophy. MRI post arthrography was recommended for further evaluation.

A shoulder is one of the most complex joints of the body. The anatomy of the shoulder starts where the humerus fits into the scapula almost as if it were mimicking a ball and socket. The scapula has a little tip of itself overlooking the tendons of the shoulder called the acromion and a bit of itself fanning out, a part called the coracoid. Also connected to the scapula is the clavicle or collarbone. Another very important component to the shoulder is the rotator cuff, this is the most vital part to rotator cuff tendonitis. It is composed of four muscles and of various tendons that surround the shoulder socket that allow it to connect the upper arm and the shoulder blade together. Protecting the rotator cuff is is a small sac of fluid called a bursa. The humerus fits relatively loosely into the shoulder joint. This gives the shoulder a wide range of motion, but also makes it vulnerable to injury.

Shoulder impingement syndrome may also be referred to as "subacromial" impingement syndrome because the tendons, ligaments, and bursa under the "acromion" can become pinched or compressed.

A largest and the most complex joint in our body is a shoulder joint. Shoulder joints form when the humerus bone fits into the scapula thus creates a ball and socket structure. Ligament, muscles, padding, tendons, cartilage are totally comprised by the shoulder joint. When anything goes wrong the total mobility of shoulder becomes painful and discomfort. Some common problems affect shoulders such as Nerve compression, Arthritis, Rotating cuff problem, arthroscopy, and shoulder joint dislocation.

    A shoulder is one of the most complex  joints of the body. The anatomy of the shoulder starts where the humerus fits into the scapula almost as if it were mimicking a ball and socket. The scapula has a little tip of itself overlooking the tendons of the shoulder called the acromion and a bit of itself fanning out, a part called the coracoid. Also connected to the scapula is the clavicle or collarbone. Another very important component to the shoulder is the rotator cuff, this is the most vital part to rotator cuff tendonitis. It is composed of four muscles and of various tendons that surround the shoulder socket that allow it to connect the upper arm and the shoulder blade together.  Protecting the rotator cuff is is a small sac of fluid called a bursa. The humerus fits relatively loosely into the shoulder joint. This gives the shoulder a wide range of motion, but also makes it vulnerable to injury.

The shoulder girdle is an intricate anatomic structure representation to maximize three-dimensional motion of the hand and opposing thumb, and although the shoulder is often thought of as synonymous with the glenohumeral joint, it is in fact possessed of four separate joints, (acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral and scapulothoracic), as well as numerous muscles and ligaments that follow synergistically to limit gesture of the upper extremity. Make headway in cross-sectional imaging over the past decade have insurrection imaging of the shoulder girdle, mainly with deem to the soft-tissue structures. Trauma to the shoulder is common. Usually injuries range from a separated shoulder resulting from a fall onto the shoulder

It provides strength and resistance to both torsional and bending forces. The proximal humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint. The muscles and tendons of the rotator cuff, the acromion, and ligamentous attachments between the coracoid process of the scapula and the acromion serve to both stabilize the gleno-humeral joint and provide a wide range of motion of the shoulder joint. The distal humerus articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow. The greater tuberosity is located on the superior aspect of the humerus just lateral to the humeral head and it provides attachment for three of the rotator cuff muscles supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor. The lesser tuberosity of the humerus is located on the anterior surface of the humerus and provides attachment for the subscapularis muscle. To classify the fractures, the lesser tuberosity marks the boundary between the proximal humerus and the mid-shaft. Humeral shaft is enveloped in the muscles and soft tissue which provide favorable non-operative healing mechanism in uncomplicated fractures. Muscles originating on the humeral shaft include the brachialis, brachioradialis, and the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii. The deltoid, pectoralis major, teres major, latissimus dorsi, and coracobrachialis all insert on the humeral shaft. Different location of the fracture along the humeral shaft will have specific deforming forces acting on the fracture fragments. Fractures near the midpoint of the shaft can have proximal fragment pulled laterally by the deltoid, while the distal fragment pulled medially by the triceps and biceps. Fractures near mid-shaft of the humerus are more likely to shorten than proximal or distal fractures due to the strong pull of the biceps and triceps muscles. The blood supply to the humeral shaft

AC joint capsular strain is a consideration given this clinical history and correlation with pre and post weightbearing radiographs of the AC joint is suggested to further characterize and assess, as clinically indicated. Subacromial bursitis is seen. Metallic artifact is seen overlying the skin and musculature near the proximal attachment of the deltoid musculature. This may represent artifact related to item on the skin itself or related to postoperative changed. Clinical correlation is recommended. No full-thickness tear of the rotator cuff is

Strapping has the theoretical advantages in reducing glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) and preserving range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint. There is different strapping technique that claims to reduce shoulder subluxation at the same time allowing upper arm to move actively and passively. According to Hanger et al. (2000), strapping of the hemiplegic shoulder is used as a method for preventing or reducing shoulder subluxation and may provide a certain level of sensory stimulation. It also stabilise glenohumeral joint, support surrounding musculature and decrease inflammation. Current understandings described that strapping has potential to reduce pain, increase range of motion (Griffin & Bernhart, 2006) and long-terms effects

of the arm/forearm. When there is flexion at the elbow joint, the angle between the humerus and the

The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is one of the human body’s appendicular joints and boasts the greatest ROM (range of motion) of any joint in the body. An appendicular joint is a joint that is part of the appendicular skeleton which includes the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and limb bones. The appendicular joints typically have a larger range of motion, but due to this are often weaker than those found in the axial skeleton. The glenohumeral joint is responsible for articulating movement of the upper arm by way of pivoting the humerus at the point that it meets with the scapula.

The Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint) is a plane, synovial plane joint (Babhulkar and Pawaskar, 2014). It is located between the lateral end of the clavicle and the medial margin of the acromion process of the scapula (Marieb text book). The AC joint helps maintain the distance between the scapula and the trunk (….). The movement is a gliding joint which functions the shoulder girdle. (….). It can mainly be felt through the lateral position of the scapular spine (…). In addition, the AC joint is a common site of injury, especially athletes involved in a collision and contact sports, for example, Australian football, rugby and Shotput (Babhulkar and Pawaskar, 2014).