Phonemic And : Phonemic Awareness

Phonological awareness is being able to distinguish the assembly of isolated sounds that make up words and experiment with adjusting the distinct sounds known as Phonemes to form new words (Emmit, Hornsby & Wilson, 2013). Elements of phonological awareness include practice with separating, manipulating and grouping together sounds of words, in addition to exploring words and sounds in an enjoyable way using rhymes (Matheson, 2005). Phonological awareness provides innovative processes for a broader vocabulary and the ability to sound out new words (University of Oregon, 2009). The decoding process that occurs allows readers the ability to then concentrate on the meaning of what they read and improve their reading development (Reid Lyon, 1998). When teaching phonological awareness to children, teachers should work in small groups that explore only a couple of concepts at a time for instance how the mouth moves when saying a variety of isolated sounds in comparison to these phoneme sounds blended to assemble a word (Learning Point Associates, 2004). In conjunction with the familiarity of phonemes and words in phonological awareness, it is imperative to integrate this fundamental feature of reading development with understanding graphemes, and the link to letters in print to their phonemes sounds with phonics (Fellows & Oatley,

These objectives focus on two areas; vocabulary and comprehension development are the targets in this game.

Comprehension is also an important factor when speaking of literacy. Students should be taught the many strategies that will help them with comprehension and word recognition. In my experience in a first grade classroom I used many of these strategies. Within my lessons I included the activation of prior knowledge to construct meaning, the use of context clues in a sentence, pictures clues, predicting, and drawing inferences about ideas or characters in the text. I always made sure that I modeled the strategy for the student before they set of to do it.

On January 30, 2018, at 2:00p.m., my newsletter presentation was given to four teachers in the exceptional children’s department at Douglas Byrd High School. It was important for me to review the newsletter with my coworkers because our work team is currently in the process of gathering new information for the start of the new semester which began on January 26, 2018. The age range of the students in our department range from 15-19 years of age; however, because of their varied learning disabilities and function levels, we use a lot of beginning reader teaching methods in an effort to work more effectively with all of our students.

reading. The teacher could read from a text within the reading level, modelling the use of

This is a very important strategy for the students to learn so that they are able to read more independently. The students are taught how to take a difficult word that they do not know how to read and break it down into small parts to read it. We want the students to become independent readers. To do this we are taking different things that the students already know and using them to help them uncover new words. Not only does this help the students to decode tricky words, but it also helps them to better comprehend what they are reading. The students are using context clues and making connections to decide what the word is and if it makes

This type of intervention will be used because having students simply look up definitions in a dictionary for unknown words doesn’t typically result in a transfer of word knowledge to reading comprehension tasks. First, the clinician will select a list of words from a curricular topic and other words that are new but don’t fit with the topic, and present the words to Chloe in oral and written form. Chloe will be encouraged to engage in “exclusive brainstorming” in which she discusses the words and decides which words go with their topic for the day and which don’t. A chart can be used for Chloe to mark, “can define,” “have seen/heard,” or “beats me!” about each individual word. The clinician will then provide a description, explanation, or example of the new terms to relate the word to curricular topics. Chloe will then be asked to restate the description, explanation, or example of each term in her own words, by connecting it to her experiences or knowledge. Chloe will be instructed to create a picture, pictograph, or symbolic representation of the term as well as, including the word, definition, and picture. She will keep each term in a vocabulary notebook for future reference and be encouraged to use the new words in verbal story-telling and writing (Blachowicz, 1986) (Marzano,

1. Nathan V. was able to mask his learning difficulty by memorizing. When asked to read something something familiar or complete a familiar learning task, Nathan was successful. However, when Nathan had to complete an unfamiliar activity or read unfamiliar text, he struggled. For example, when reading to his mother, Nathan's mother noticed that while reading, Nathan never looked at the book, he stared into another room. He had memorized just the words on the page to "mask" his learning difficulty. As we know however, simply memorizing words on a page does not facilitate learning. Nathan knows how to say the words, but he does not know the sounds that make up the words he is reading (phonemic awareness). Nor, does he know the meaning of what he reads (comprehension).

Researchers have shown that lack of preparation in the teaching of phonological awareness hinders the way teachers present phonological awareness when teaching their studnets reading. Researchers suggest interference due to the teacher's perspective, lack of training, values, and background may exist an be detrimental in properly teaching phonological awareness. Flesh’s 1955 publication of Why Johnny can’t Read and What You Can Do About it was influential in exposing the ineffective way how teachers teach their students literacy and reevaluation of reading programs in education and their deficiencies (Smith, 2002). Flesh’s book ignited educators and non-educators to look seriously at this literacy deficiency. A renewed interest

The first lessons will begin with inaccurate versus accurate reading as improving those will increase word accuracy efficiently. The student will receive direct instruction on the importance of accurate reading, along with vocabulary lessons

Even though advanced cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid (HA) technology is making tremendous strides in the DHH community, these hearing devices still cannot completely restore normal hearing or fully represent all aspects of normal speech sounds. Therefore, children within this population are potentially at a higher risk for speech disorders, speech delays, or language difficulties. The acquisition of phonological awareness (PA) and PA abilities is an important developmental step in speech and language. Moreover, PA skills have been shown to significantly affect early literacy abilities in normal hearing children. PA is commonly defined as the conscious ability

This paper is a review of two articles published by Paul Miller in the Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities. The first is entitled, “The role of phonology in the word decoding skills of poor readers: evidence from individuals with prelingual deafness or diagnosed dyslexia,” and was written in 2007. The second, written in 2010, is named, “Phonological, orthographic, and syntactic awareness and their relation to reading comprehension in prelingually deaf individuals: what can we learn from skilled readers?” At their heart, the articles attempt to address what explains good and poor readers in the deaf community, rejecting previous assumptions in the literature in this area. The studies are carefully designed, and attempt to address

Mitri, Souraya, and Mansour Terry. "Phonological Awareness Skills in Young African American English Speakers." Reading and Writing 27.3 (2014): 555-69. Print.

The children start by having the ability to track or finger point to acquire concept of word within the text, but the students with a rudimentary concept of word get off track with two-syllable words. Once the children are firm in the concept of word, they are able to finger point and correct their own mistakes without having to start over. During

We are also responsible for finding ways to link the previous skill they learned to their new applied skills. In my case my goal is to teach my students on how to become better readers. My first step will be to effectively teach my students how to decode unknown words. I believe that my will become fluent readers and that is when they will be able to understand what they have read. According to Mr. Lyon video when a child spends too much time trying to bring the print off the page which negates any ability they have to relate to what they read to what they