Physics Of X Ray Fluorescence

6. What is required in order to be able to identify an element based on its flame test colour?

Shortly after the discovery of X-rays, another form of strong rays were discovered. In 1896, French scientist Henri Becquerel discovered natural radioactivity. Many scientists of the period were working with cathode rays, and other scientists were gathering evidence on the theory that the atom could be subdivided. Some of the new research showed that certain types of atoms break by themselves. It was Henri Becquerel who discovered this experience while investigating the properties of fluorescent minerals. Becquerel was researching the principles of fluorescence, wherein certain minerals glow (fluoresce) when exposed to sunlight. He utilized photographic plates to record this fluorescence.

I. Ordinary X-rays are used to diagnose many conditions and can be used to see a variety of things in the body,

X-rays are used to guide tubes or cameras through the body. It is used to look at the heart, lungs, and chest walls. They can also be used to rule out any other conditions that might be causing the weaknesses.

X-rays have numerous different effects on the tissues of the body, depending on the time of exposure and energy of the X-ray photons. Best contrast between different tissues is when the photon energy is about 30 keV, for diagnostic purposes. Resulting in the photoelectric effect dominating at this energy. The tissues absorb X-rays and electrons are released. The X-ray absorption depends on the number of protons in the nuclei of the atoms encountered. A high number will attenuate the beam, producing a strong x-ray shadow, enabling for a high quality image of

Once a light beam shines through the flame, the atoms absorb some of the light. It is then detected, recorded and compared to a series of standard solutions. In the absorption spectrum, the absorbed light show up as black gaps. These distinctive gaps indicate the difference in energy levels for a particular element. If this can be compared to the concentration of its standard solution, then it can form a calibration curve.

Radiologic technologists, or x-ray techs, are medical professionals who take radiographic pictures of bones. They are assistants to radiologists; the x-ray techs take the pictures and the radiologists examine the x-ray and diagnose what is wrong with the patient. “They are educated in anatomy, patient positioning, examination techniques, equipment protocols, radiation safety, radiation protection and basic patient care” (American Society of Radiologic Technologists, 2017). It is crucial that x-ray techs be exact and precise or else the pictures will be incomprehensible, thus making it nearly futile for the radiologist to interpret them.

X-rays were discovered by accident in 1895 by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. Roentgen was already an accomplished scientist with forty-eight published papers. He had a reputation among the scientific community as a dedicated scientist with precise experimental methods. Roentgen had been conducting experiments at the University of Wurzburg on the effect of cathode-rays on the luminescence of certain chemicals. Roentgen had placed a cathode-ray tube, which is a partially evacuated glass tube with metal electrodes at each end, in a black cardboard box in his darkened laboratory. He sent electricity through the cathodre-ray tube and noticed something strange his laboratory. He saw a flash of light

→ An X-ray is an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of the organs, tissues, and bones of the body. When focused on the chest, it helps to spot abnormalities or diseases in the lungs.

X-rays — or radiography, as it is known in medicine — allow for looking inside a body and identifying everything from broken bones to swallowed objects. The tool is vital to the ability to diagnose and treat injuries.

There are many advantages of x-rays in dental radiation. We can use the x-rays to detect and confirm any diseases or lesions that may be in the mouth. They detect any trauma that may have happened to the teeth and or gums. We use x-rays to look and study the growth and development of teeth and gums in children and adults. With the advancement of the x-ray we can also detect any tumors, teeth that are missing or are coming in at an abnormal direction as well as educating the patients about their mouth and teeth.

A gamma ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation that consists of high-energy protons due to its extremely high frequency wavelengths. Gamma rays ionizing radiation, meaning that they are hazardous because they carry enough energy to free electrons from atoms and molecules, this, in turn, gives them higher penetrating power than any other form of radiation. Another type of electromagnetic radiation is X-radiation, which shares the name of its components, X-rays, with the well-known medical imaging method. While these two are scientifically classified as separate forms of radiation, they are extremely similar to the point where there is only two known ways to determine if the radiation being emitted is one or the other, and both of these methods have cases where there are exceptions. The first method is to compare where the radiation is originating from, with regular gamma rays coming from the nucleus of an atom and X-rays being emitted by electrons. This method has two primary issues, being that 1- the precise point of origin cannot always be pinpointed and 2- that there are actually a number of much less common processes that can produce the same high-energy photons. The second method is to determine the variant of rays by the wavelength of the radiation, with any wavelength shorter than some

During the early nineteenth century, French physicist Henri Becquerel observed radioactivity by recording how uranium emits radiation that is strong enough to blacken covered photographic plates. Scientists used to believe that uranium emitted “rays”, after they headed about Becquerel’s work. Later on, after Curie’s research, they came to know that those “rays” were actually very small particles. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays, which led Marie Curie to use x-ray treatment during World War I to heal thousands of wounded soldiers and educate thousands of women about this technique. Without Roentgen’s early discoveries, Marie Curie would not have been able to

Xenon, what a strange word to call an element perhaps this word defines the element to perfection. The word Xenon comes from the Greek Word ξένον which means “Stranger”. From the 1900’s to the era we live in today this Noble Gas has been used for numerous things and has transformed the way humans live. Cameras, vehicles, disinfection, curing the mind, and several lamps are some subjects that Xenon takes part of and plays a big role in. Xenon could be the most important Nobel Gas there is in the periodic table.

Characteristic X-ray spectroscopy is similar to any other spectroscopy in that is excites electrons and then measurable energy is released and measured qualitatively and compared to well known facts and quantitative data is derived. X-rays can be excited by high energy beams made up of electrons, protons or even other x-rays. These beams are shot at the core of an atom and an inner electron excites and moves to an outer shell. When it calms back down it releases energy. This type of spectroscopy can be used to analyze and identify all elements on the periodic table except for hydrogen, helium and lithium. Under characteristic X-ray spectroscopy, there are two types: energy dispersive and wavelength dispersive. In energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, a semiconductor detector measures the energy of incoming protons while in wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy a single crystal diffracts the protons and then the crystal is moved so that all emissions are visible. Once again a graph is made that is specific to an individual element and the element can be identified by the