The Southern Company is one of the largest consumers of coal, and the amendment of the Clean Air Act Amendment that aimed at reducing the volume of sulfur dioxide generated led to some problems. Previous regulations for air pollution control had specified a particular amount that a facility could emit, while the company has to choose its emission levels for the new sulfur dioxide law. Coal-fired plants in the United States will be receiving allowances for emitting 2.5 pounds of sulfur dioxide per 1,000,000 MMBtu of consumed coal. The implication of this is that our company must reduce the level of sulfur dioxide generated. The Bowen plant must either reduce its emissions from 30 tons of sulfur dioxide per hour (262,800 tons of sulfur per year) to 29.06 tons of sulfur dioxide per hour (254,580 tons of sulfur dioxide per year) by Phase I and to 13.94 tons of sulfur dioxide per hour (122,198 tons of sulfur dioxide per year) by Phase II or it must buy pollution allowances from elsewhere. The company also has the option to significantly lower its sulfur dioxide emissions and to sell the rest of its pollution allowances to other plants. Phase II, which started on January 1, 2000, brought an additional reduction of the gas to 1.2 pounds per MMBtu of coal. The coming into effect of this law also entitles the company to receive allowances once it complies with its mandates. The Southern Company has three options available to respond to the acid rain provisions of the Clean Air
This source features a report by Jill U. Adams on the dangers, and current regulations of air pollution and climate change. Holding a Ph.D. in pharmacology from Emory University, the author primarily writes a health column for the Washington Post. She has also been featured in the magazines Audubon, Scientific American and Science. Because this article covers climate change, there is an inherent liberal bias. However, this bias coincides with irrefutable scientific data proving the existence of climate change. The audience for this article is anyone effected by air pollution and climate change; just about everyone. This source upholds my speculation that human beings have a significant effect on the climate. Before reading this article, I wasn’t aware that 55 million people a year died from air pollution. I found this source on CQ Researcher while searching for ‘pollution.’
Another time it has been used was with the Clean Air Act. The clean air act was a mandate put by the national government, that all of the states must follow, that is unless that states want to face fines by the government. The Clean air act is a federal law that was passed in an effort to regulate air emissions from mobile and immobile devices.
Before the Clean Air Act (CAA) was passed by Congress, the Air Pollution Act of 1955 and Motor Vehicle Act of 1960 preceded it. The two acts before the CAA did not really do much except jump starting research and throwing plenty of money at the research. When the research was released to Congress from the Motor Vehicle Act, Congress found out that approximately 60% of pollution was coming from vehicles; of the pollutants that were being emitted from vehicles, the most prominent that were found were Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), and Hydrocarbons. These findings pushed Congress to pass another bill that would help to slow down pollution, especially from vehicles. However, when the CAA was passed, it did not mandate any reductions
The Clean Air Act is a United States federal law designed to control air pollution on a national level.[1] It is one of the United States' first and most influential modern environmental laws, and one of the most comprehensive air quality laws in the world.[2][3] As with many other major U.S. federal environmental statutes, it is administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in coordination with state, local, and tribal governments.[4] Its implementing regulations are codified at 40 C.F.R. Subchapter C, Parts 50-97.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) (P.L. 80-845, 62 Stat. 1155) of 1948 was the first major law enacted by Congress to address the problems of water pollution in the United States (n.d). Legislators created over 100 bills in an attempt to pass legislation over the previous half century, but were not successful. Industrial and urban growth caused by World War II in 1948, led to obvious, notorious pollution of the country's rivers, streams, and lakes, urging Congress to finally address the issue. Unfortunately, the act was not designed well enough to achieve the goals set out to address the issue. It did not ban pollution, only gave limited power to the federal government, and provided an extremely awkward enforcement mechanism. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act was not successful in preventing and reducing water pollution. Pollution continued to increase because of the federal government's inability to require any direct reduction in discharges. As a result, the quality of the nation's waters had no improvement. On the other hand, the act established a popular and political support for pollution control efforts. Congress rewrote the act in 1972 to provide more acceptable protection for the nation's waters. It also established the basic agenda for water pollution control, which was amended by Congress afterwards. Congress made changes to the act six times before rewriting it in 1972.
Since human’s activity, pollution becomes a big problem in the world. There are a lot of part of pollutions include water pollution, light pollution and air pollution. Air pollution is happened in our life. The United States is also a victim of air pollution. In 1943, Los Angeles photochemical smog event occurred. The whole of Los Angeles was covered with smoke. There are about 400 people died and a lot of fruits in orchards began to wither.
b) List the criteria pollutants for his state. He is concern about regulation on carbon dioxide could restrict new industry. Is he correct in his concern?
1. How could the law and public policy be used to minimize the negative impact(s) of Sample Drought Executive Order 2016? Explain, giving one example of a type of law or public policy.
Improved air quality wasn’t a subject of national concern until the mid 1900s. After decades of coal burning, unregulated gas emissions from cars and the excessive burning of fossil fuels, people started noticing bad air quality as a hazard to their lives. Over several decades, after seeing the costly effects air pollution was having on the environment and people’s health, interest groups like the Friends of The Earth club and the influences of Theodore Roosevelt and Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring finally came together to persuade the government to enforce legislation that would reduce air pollution. Because of these efforts, the policies of the Clean Air Act of 1963 and the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Act of 1965, that aimed to control air pollution and raise air quality standards, helped create the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on December 2, 1970. Since then, the EPA has passed more air quality improvement acts, and amendments to previous acts passed, to increase restrictions on air pollutants, with their main policy concern being the Clean Air Act. Improved air quality acts imposed by the EPA have been successful in cleaning the United States’ air quality by reducing ground-level ozone pollution and reducing emissions, allowing for a decrease in pollution related deaths/illnesses and a better standard of living. The EPA, through regulations and the Clean Air Act, has delivered it’s promise to improve air quality in the United States.
These sources are also the leading contributors of greenhouse gases that cause climate change, so taking action on air pollution is win-win.
This policy by the United State according to this act mandated that pollution be prevented and most especially reduced from the source. It further states that, in an instance where pollution in unavoidably or unable to be prevented, then recycling of such waste should be done considering the safety and well being of the environment and the people. In a case where it is not possible to prevent pollution or recycled, such need to be treated in a safe manner to protect to reduce any hazardous environment (Burnett, 2000).
I am writing to you in support of H.R. 55 also known as the Breath of Fresh Air Act. The goal of this act is to establish a grant program for nebulizers in elementary and secondary schools to promote clean air to prevent asthma problems. I would like to express the importance of this bill to me as a Troy University BSN Student, and a community member.
In the air in particular, six commonly found air pollutants have decreased by more than 50 percent. Between 1970 and 1995 alone, the emissions major air pollutants decreased 30 percent. Air toxins from industrial plants have decreased by more than 70 percent. Today, more than 60 percent of America’s waters meet the fishable and swimmable goal of the Clean Water Act, up from only around 33 percent before the act was passed. While industries argue that the restrictions put on them have been too intense and stifled growth, since the passing of these bills the US GDP has tripled, energy consumption increased by 50 percent, and vehicle use increased by 200 percent. It is clear that without these acts in place it would be impossible to control the pollution in America with such fast social and economic growth in the
The Bowen plant was an unusually large plant with a capacity to serve the residential, commercial and industrial demands of 1 million people. The Bowen generators consumed 8.338 million tons of coal and generated 21,551 million kilowatt-hours of electricity. During 1990, Bowen plant emitted over 30 tons of sulfur dioxide per hour, an important precursor of acid rain. In 1990, Congress passes the
since 1970. 40 percent of sulfer dioxide in the air has been reduced, as well