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The Role Of Conflict In Indonesia

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Background Since the fall of the authoritarian New Order regime and the reform of 1998, Indonesia experienced political changes and are in the process of transitioninginto a more democratic country. These changes characterized by the rise of large scale communal conflicts either between ethnic or religious. Conflict violence based on ethnic takes place in Sambas, West Kalimantan (Klinken, 2007, Tanasaldy, 2012) and Sampit, Central Kalimantan (Klinken, 2007). While large scale interreligious communal violence occurred in Ambon, Maluku (Bertrand, 2002); North Halmahera, North Maluku (Wilson, 2005, Duncan, 2013) and Poso, Central Sulawesi (Arragon, 200, McRae, 2013). Despite the efforts of the peace agreement has been made in some areas of conflict, but sporadic and small-scale conflict still occur. Malino Declaration 1 in 2001, which is mediated by JusufKalla, Minister of people’s welfare coordinator at that time intended to stop all conflicts and strife in Poso (Tempo, 2001).However, not long after the peace treaty, the violence began to happen again with the aim of committing terror to the community in which the combatant started doing assaults, bombings, and shootings mysteriously. Similarly,the Malino 2 Peace Agreement in 2002 which became a milestone in the cessation of a conflict in Ambon, Maluku that has lasted for 36 months (Siwalimanews, 2012), butthe uncertainty violence incidents still continue. Even riot occurred in 2004 that led to 40 killed (Brown et al,

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