Qatar And The Concept Of Qatar

The world economy is a very complex system; in the system harmful externalities disrupt capital flows and determine economic productivity. Most notable of these externalities is inadvertent global warming. Spending towards research and regulation of climate change at both the national and international level are very important in determining current and future business trends. Economists and scientists worldwide continuously debate the pros and cons of emissions reduction and what consequences can quickly follow. Though many have different views on the issue, all can agree that the immediate and long term effects of climate change have become an economic matter of paramount importance. The sweeping impact from climate change will have important fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic ramifications that influence global commerce standards.

The election of 2000 took place during a time that was mostly peaceful, unemployment rates were historically low, but however, there were a record number of terrorist threats (Muhlhausen). Despite all of these headlining topics presidential candidate Al Gore and Vice President Joe Lieberman were far more concerned about global climate change (“Al”). Gore was, and still, is very passionate about this topic (“Al”, 9). He has challenged the two biggest polluters in the world, China and The United States to, “Make the boldest move in climate change.” Figure 5

In recent years , there is a colossal upsurge in the number of environmental concerns with climate change being a pivotal one. Although convergent efforts, be it an individual , company or a government, are made to ease this concern. I think government play a vital role in this regard.

Climate change has become a major issue in global environmental politics as it has been shown to have a correlation with issues such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, and desertification. As Chapter 45 states “The 2007 report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found consensus in the scientific community that greenhouse gas emissions have significantly increased because of human activity and, further, that the modest temperature increases we have already experienced are “very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.” Due to this report awareness was brought to almost everyone of how serious human activity was to the global climate. In 2009, it was declared that “If global warming is to be limited to a maximum of two degrees C. above preindustrial values, global emissions need to peak between 2015 and 2020 and then decline rapidly”. To me this sounds foreboding and it is something that deserves our full attention immediately. To try and get a better understanding of how serious climate change is, I’m going to try and interpret chapter 45 which deals on climate change through 5 different paradigms of International Relations.

Political will is hard to maintain on climate change in part because humans react to tangible and immediate threats to survival. The threats of climate change and terrorism to the international community are interesting to look at for which gets more attention and some general possibilities why. Climate change is the type of threat that may never be properly dealt with until it is too late since its effects are slow and mostly unnoticeable to the common person, hence the cliché frog in the pot

Wilson asserts, “No one should look to GNPs and corporate annual reports for a competent projection of the world’s long-term economic future.” In other words, the Gross National Product (GNP) and corporations will not accurately depict the long-term economic future, due to the lack of environmental factors that if implemented would surely fluctuate the projections. Furthermore, the more reliable sources are from research reports from the natural-resource specialists and ecological economists that provide an accurate representation of the financial and environmental future. In addition, the environmental experts factor in the imperil that is posed to the environment while expanding the economy. Thus, the idealistic balance between the environment and economy will not be found in the GNP reports, but in the ecological economist reports that can veritably attest to both sides of the political spectrum. On a national scale, converting to renewable energy is not prioritized, due to the fact the fossil fuel industry has an abundant of sizable investments. So, reasonably an annual national report would be in favor of the large corporations, such as the fossil fuel industry. As a result, the projections for the economic-future with fossil fuel as our main energy source is one-sided and

The meaning and understanding of climate change has been a critical issue of concern to development, scientific and environmental researchers in the world. All over the world, there have been a lot of issues surrounding the causes and impacts of the phenomenon which led to the establishment of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to help assess and provide information about climate change to society (Agrawala, 1998). This essay presents arguments on who is qualified to be an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) expert and who should be qualified. It begins by describing the role of IPCC and its structure including the roles of the authors of the IPCC reports such as lead authors, coordinating lead authors, contributing authors, expert reviewers, review editors and government focal points (IPCC, 2008). It then concludes by arguing in favour of the need for the inclusion of other experts as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

President Trump, will the United States, will be the only government to take an opposing view on Globe warming. According to the CNN reporter, Michael Mann, Syria has offered to join in on the Paris climate agreement. Luckily, a new report released by two credible and major organizations on climate change, the US National Climate Assessment, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Mann reports, “a massive report assembled by hundreds of our nation's best scientists.” is keeping the shot light on the Trump administration.

Climate change refers to the great change that occurs in climate considered statistically significant or climatic fluctuation that continues a while longer at some level on a global scale. Climate change has already caused a series of environmental problems like global warming, which place a serious influence on sustainable development of human society (Demeritt, 2001). The industrial gas emission in developed countries is one of the main reasons that cause climate change. As a result, the international community makes a lot of efforts on slowing down the course of climate change. However, during the negotiation on environment problem internationally, position of any country is not determined by the

The purpose of the following blog post is to introduce the reader to the relationship between our global Economy, the Energy that we produce and the Environment we are part of, also known as the three Es. My goal is to give my readers a better understanding of the connections these three different areas have and how they relate to one another. Furthermore I would like to enable readers to comprehend the increasing challenges all three E’s are facing, and the implications these may have on our future.

The UNFCCC is an organisation created to provide and international response to challenge climate change by researching and implementing measures to limit and control the planet’s greenhouse gas emissions. Principles and framework are set out to aid the distribution of responsibilities within the countries as a means of reducing the associated greenhouse gas emissions.

56% of the United States’ consumed energy comes from oil and oil related products. 81% percent of the world’s oil reserves are found in the Middle East (OPEC Share of World Crude Oil Reserves). Therefore, the Middle East has a big say over the case of oil. U.S. foreign policy should take into consideration option four when dealing with oil in the Middle East. Option lays out the plan of continued oil-trading with the Middle East but, it immediately calls for the funding for domestic alternative energy sources. If the United States was to urgently subtract all oil importing and pull out from the Middle East, then their economies would cripple. Saudi Arabia, for example, has become an oil powerhouse in the world. 83% of the exports comes from oil (Saudi Arabia). The companies in Saudi Arabia that extract the oil are American. If the United States were to implement renewable energy sources domestically, this would allow for a stalled gray area. The U.S. could then gradually shift the economic dependency from oil, to renewable energy sources over a maximum time frame of 50 years and a minimum by 2050. Option four addresses not only the current oil problems, but it also lays out a plan that can allow the U.S. to sustain itself in the future. To summarize, option four, has the best plan for the topic of oil in the Middle East, which is the gradual withdrawal from the dependency of

They looked at two scenarios, inaction, where business’ continue finding and using carbon as they see fit, and action, where business’ use a low-carbon energy mix. They found that not only would the investment cost of the action scenario be no more than inaction, but it would even cost a bit less- 190.2 trillion dollars for action and 192 trillion dollars for inaction. This is before even considering the amount of money saved by the effects of the action scenario itself. The report found that, “the difference in climate damage costs between low (1.5°C) warming and high (4.5°C) warming scenarios could be as high as $50 trillion” (Business Insider). The effect of such a large economic company reporting this data is the perfect example of how using economics for the sake of reversing global warming can be really beneficial. The argument often used by economists is that becoming more sustainable would hurt the economy, but the data in this report proves just the opposite, and how terrible it would be if we did nothing. For the sake of investment in industry’s like coal and gas, this information is often denied. But this is not anywhere near the first time industry’s have had to adapt due to uncontrollable events. This report emphasizes the importance of recognizing

On December 12 of 2015, 195 countries made history by committing to the first truly global international climate change agreement (Paris Agreement, 2015). This agreement took place in Paris and was adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The outcome of the Paris Conference on Climate Change was described as “revolutionary” (Venezuela) “marvelous act” (China) and as “a tremendous collective achievement” (European Union) that introduced a “new era of global climate governance” (Egypt) while “restoring the global community’s faith of accomplishing things multilaterally” (USA) (Paris Agreement, 2015).


1. Company Background 
 Saudi Aramco is well known for being the biggest organization that produces wide variety of petroleum and chemicals for the world (Helman, 2012), and it has the greatest contribution towards the economy of Saudi Arabia. Within a century, they have setted up offices in many different country and become a world leading company in hydrocarbon exploration, production, refining, distribution, shipping and marketing. They were nonetheless at the top of the list among all companies that produces crude oil and exports of natural gas liquids.
 
2. Country Background 

 The kingdom of saudi arabia is the largest country in the arabian peninsula, independence as of 23rd September 1932 and was also the origin of