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Fish Reader Response Criticism

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Fish’s Reader Response Criticism is composed of two interdependent ideas: first, that the meaning of texts is shaped by the reading experience itself, and second, that these meanings cannot be judged to be correct or incorrect, but merely belonging to one “interpretive community” or another. The first idea may be identified as the executive aspect of Reader Response Criticism because it analyzes the act of reading, while the second idea is the epistemological aspect of the theory because it circumscribes the knowledge we can acquire about a text to the merely relative. Studied independently, each aspect of Reader Response Theory offers by itself strong arguments countervailing the formalist stance of the New Critics. But as we will see, …show more content…

This excerpt begins at the level of innate human concepts (flesh) and proceeds through the more concrete level of medical terminology (muscles, blood, epidermis) and onwards through an evocative metaphor (red cloud). Before the reader reaches the final clause (“whose soul is lightning”), he has built up an expectation that a culminating trope will be used to close the sentence, as is usual. Instead, the fragment ends with “whose soul is lightning” which refers not to the red cloud, but to “the flesh itself.” In other words, the red cloud is not the object of the concluding clause, but a “psychological multiplier:” the reader sees a red cloud (associated with storms) and then sees lightning exacerbated by the immediately preceding image. Now the reader possesses a clear mental picture of the passionate flesh, but the strange syntax (both in French and English) leaves him uncertain about what exactly the text has said: is lightning the soul of the flesh? Is the soul the lightning emitted by the flesh? This is an important point—is the soul passion? Or is passion simply one of several manifestations of the soul? Yourcenar has deliberately shrouded this discussion in complex syntax because the distinction itself confounds us. If you are lost as to what exactly the text says right now, Yourcenar has achieved her aim. Now take a look at Grace Frick’s artful translation of the same text:
The flesh itself, that amazing instrument of muscles, blood, and skin, that

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